The Shadow Educational System
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The Shadow Education System
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Shadow Education System written by Mark Bray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Tutors and tutoring categories.
Because of its size in a number of countries, and due to it nature--that of a private service oriented at improving academic performance--private tutoring has important implications for the educational system as a whole that cannot be ignored by educational policies. This publication contributes to the debate about private tutoring through its systematization of available information and its analysis. It asks the questions: "Who supplies and demands this service?" "What effects does it have on the formal education system?" and "What are the policy options facing education planners?" The research draws on existing research conducted in different parts of the world, but primarily in Asia, where private tutoring is particularly widespread.--Publisher's description.
Confronting The Shadow Education System
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
Release Date : 2009
Confronting The Shadow Education System written by Mark Bray and has been published by United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Education categories.
This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.
Shadow Education
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2012-05-01
Shadow Education written by Mark Bray and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-01 with Education categories.
In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.
Shadow Education
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Shadow Education written by Mark Bray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Education and state categories.
The Shadow Education System
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Shadow Education System written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with AIDS (Disease) categories.
Confronting The Shadow Education System
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
Release Date : 2009
Confronting The Shadow Education System written by Mark Bray and has been published by United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Education categories.
This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.
Shadow Education In Asia Policies And Practices
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Author : Alam, Md. Bayezid
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2024-08-15
Shadow Education In Asia Policies And Practices written by Alam, Md. Bayezid and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-15 with Education categories.
Shadow education, the practice of private tutoring outside formal schooling, has become pervasive in Asia. Driven by intense exam competition and dissatisfaction with mainstream education, it plays a significant role in the region's educational landscape. However, its implications and regulatory frameworks still need to be studied and better understood. This book, Shadow Education in Asia: Policies and Practices, addresses this gap by comprehensively analyzing shadow education policies and practices in Asia. Despite its prevalence, shadow education's impact on students, families, and educational systems is complex and multifaceted. The lack of comprehensive research and understanding has led to challenges regulating and integrating shadow education into formal educational systems. Policymakers and educators struggle to address issues such as educational equity, student well-being, and the quality of education provided through shadow education. This book aims to inform policy discussions and reform efforts, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced understanding of this phenomenon and its role in Asia's educational landscape.
Shadow Education And Social Inequalities In Japan
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Author : Steve R. Entrich
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-07
Shadow Education And Social Inequalities In Japan written by Steve R. Entrich and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-07 with Education categories.
This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on ‘shadow education’ and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable.
The Significant Impacts Of Shadow Education And Its Consequences On Educational System As A Whole In South Korea
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Author : Jun Pyo Hong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Significant Impacts Of Shadow Education And Its Consequences On Educational System As A Whole In South Korea written by Jun Pyo Hong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Education categories.
For the last two decades, a particular interest has been paid attention to Shadow Education in the international perspective. The interest specifically has been given to the case of South Korea because of the extreme scale and intensity at which shadow education has taken hold in the country, as well as the policy responses which have followed from the South Korean government to reduce educational inequalities that have resulted from the rise of shadow education. Drawing on a range of secondary data, this thesis starts with its theoretical foundations for the explanations of the rise of shadow education. This thesis indicates that a degree of opportunity for social mobility and social reproduction in a given society is determined by levels of human, social, cultural, and economic capitals that people endeavour to build on. Therefore, the rise of shadow education is well explained as a way of increasing levels of capitals. This thesis mainly explores three issues. First are the factors that have led to the rise of shadow education in South Korea. Four different explanations are identified 1) cultural reasons, 2) changes in international labour market, 3) high-stake examination, and 4) perceptions about the quality of public mainstream schooling. The thesis then moves to explore the educational and social inequalities which have resulted from the rise of shadow education in South Korea. Two key issues are identified. One is unequal access to shadow education, which is dramatically influenced by income of family, parents' educational level, gender difference, and regional differences. The other is a widening inequality of the achievement gap amongst students, largely along with socio-economic lines, which is the result of this unequal access to shadow education. Lastly, the final issue of this thesis examines is the history of South Korean governmental policy responses to deal with the growth of private tutoring. This thesis argues two main educational patterns of the South Korean government towards private supplementary tutoring; one is to reduce 'supply' of private tutoring and the other is to reduce 'demand' of private tutoring. By illustrating evidences of failures of such governmental responses, this study offers alternative ways of governmental educational policies for the future in Korea.
Theorizing Shadow Education And Academic Success In East Asia
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Author : Young Chun Kim
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-07-12
Theorizing Shadow Education And Academic Success In East Asia written by Young Chun Kim and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-12 with Education categories.
This volume tackles perceived myths surrounding the academic excellence of East Asian students, and moves beyond Western understanding to offer in-depth analysis of the crucial role that shadow education plays in students’ academic success. Featuring a broad range of contributions from countries including Japan, China, Taiwan, and Singapore, chapters draw on rich qualitative research to place in the foreground the lived experiences of students, teachers, and parents in East Asian countries. In doing so, the text provides indigenous insights into the uses, values, and meanings of shadow education and highlights unknown cultural and regional aspects, as well as related phenomena including trans-boundary learning culture, nomadic learning, individualized learning, and the post-schooling era. Ultimately challenging the previously dominating Western perspective on shadow education, the volume offers innovative theorization to highlight shadow education as a phenomenon which cannot be overlooked in broader discussion of East Asian educational performance, systems, and policy. Offering pioneering insights into the growing phenomenon of shadow education, this text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in international and comparative education, curriculum studies, and East Asian educational practices and policy. Those interested in the sociology of education and educational policy will also benefit from this book.