Shadow Education

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Shadow Education As Worldwide Curriculum Studies

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Author : Young Chun Kim
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-21

Shadow Education As Worldwide Curriculum Studies written by Young Chun Kim and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-21 with Education categories.

This book theorizes shadow education as a new component of curriculum, expanding the concept of curriculum to include this type of learning. Curriculum scholars and theorists have largely disregarded shadow education as a valid topic of scholarly attention despite its massive growth worldwide. But shadow education has become a global phenomenon with ever-increasing numbers of student participants; it complements school-based curricula, in many cases going beyond. Thus, Jung and Kim argue that shadow education requires rigorous analysis by curriculum studies scholars. This volume analyzes the state and importance of shadow education in countries around the world: its representative forms and industries (private tutoring institutes, home-visit private tutoring, Internet-based private tutoring, subscribed learning programs, after-school programs), its characteristic forms in terms of curriculum, and its roles in student learning. It also explores various features of shadow education based on an eight-year ethnographic study in South Korea.

The Shadow Education System

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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

The Shadow Education System written by Mark Bray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Tutors and tutoring categories.

Because of its size in a number of countries, and due to it nature--that of a private service oriented at improving academic performance--private tutoring has important implications for the educational system as a whole that cannot be ignored by educational policies. This publication contributes to the debate about private tutoring through its systematization of available information and its analysis. It asks the questions: "Who supplies and demands this service?" "What effects does it have on the formal education system?" and "What are the policy options facing education planners?" The research draws on existing research conducted in different parts of the world, but primarily in Asia, where private tutoring is particularly widespread.--Publisher's description.

Confronting The Shadow Education System

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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
Release Date : 2009

Confronting The Shadow Education System written by Mark Bray and has been published by United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Education categories.

This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.

Shadow Education

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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2012-05-01

Shadow Education written by Mark Bray and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-01 with Education categories.

In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.

Shadow Education

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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Shadow Education written by Mark Bray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Education and state categories.

Shadow Education In Asia Policies And Practices

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Author : Alam, Md. Bayezid
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2024-08-15

Shadow Education In Asia Policies And Practices written by Alam, Md. Bayezid and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-15 with Education categories.

Shadow education, the practice of private tutoring outside formal schooling, has become pervasive in Asia. Driven by intense exam competition and dissatisfaction with mainstream education, it plays a significant role in the region's educational landscape. However, its implications and regulatory frameworks still need to be studied and better understood. This book, Shadow Education in Asia: Policies and Practices, addresses this gap by comprehensively analyzing shadow education policies and practices in Asia. Despite its prevalence, shadow education's impact on students, families, and educational systems is complex and multifaceted. The lack of comprehensive research and understanding has led to challenges regulating and integrating shadow education into formal educational systems. Policymakers and educators struggle to address issues such as educational equity, student well-being, and the quality of education provided through shadow education. This book aims to inform policy discussions and reform efforts, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced understanding of this phenomenon and its role in Asia's educational landscape.

Theorizing Shadow Education And Academic Success In East Asia

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Author : Young Chun Kim
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-07-12

Theorizing Shadow Education And Academic Success In East Asia written by Young Chun Kim and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-12 with Education categories.

This volume tackles perceived myths surrounding the academic excellence of East Asian students, and moves beyond Western understanding to offer in-depth analysis of the crucial role that shadow education plays in students’ academic success. Featuring a broad range of contributions from countries including Japan, China, Taiwan, and Singapore, chapters draw on rich qualitative research to place in the foreground the lived experiences of students, teachers, and parents in East Asian countries. In doing so, the text provides indigenous insights into the uses, values, and meanings of shadow education and highlights unknown cultural and regional aspects, as well as related phenomena including trans-boundary learning culture, nomadic learning, individualized learning, and the post-schooling era. Ultimately challenging the previously dominating Western perspective on shadow education, the volume offers innovative theorization to highlight shadow education as a phenomenon which cannot be overlooked in broader discussion of East Asian educational performance, systems, and policy. Offering pioneering insights into the growing phenomenon of shadow education, this text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in international and comparative education, curriculum studies, and East Asian educational practices and policy. Those interested in the sociology of education and educational policy will also benefit from this book.

Shadow Education In The Middle East

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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-08-08

Shadow Education In The Middle East written by Mark Bray and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-08 with Education categories.

This volume offers insights into the role of private supplementary tutoring in the Middle East, and its far-reaching implications for social structures and mainstream education. Around the world, increasing numbers of children receive private tutoring to supplement their schooling. In much of the academic literature this is called shadow education because the content of tutoring commonly mimics that of schooling: as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadow. While much research and policy attention has focused on private tutoring in East Asia and some other world regions, less attention has been given to the topic in the Middle East. Drawing on both Arabic-language and English-language literature, this study commences with the global picture before comparing patterns within and among 12 Arabic-speaking countries of the Middle East. It presents the educational and cultural commonalities amongst these countries, examines the drivers of demand and supply of shadow education, and considers the dynamics of tutoring and how it impacts on education in schools. In addition to its pertinence within the Middle East itself, the book will be of considerable interest to academics and education policy makers broadly concerned with changing roles of the state and private sectors in education. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Shadow Education And Social Inequalities In Japan

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Author : Steve R. Entrich
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-07

Shadow Education And Social Inequalities In Japan written by Steve R. Entrich and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-07 with Education categories.

This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on ‘shadow education’ and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable.

Taming The Wild Horse Of Shadow Education

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Author : Wei Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-05-02

Taming The Wild Horse Of Shadow Education written by Wei Zhang and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-02 with Education categories.

Zhang analyses the phenomenon of private supplementary tutoring from a global perspective. The expansion of such tutoring alongside schooling is among the striking global shifts since the turn of the century. In many countries over half of the relevant cohorts of children receive private tutoring, with that proportion in some locations exceeding 80%. The sector has far-reaching implications for social inequalities, (in)efficiencies in educational processes, study burdens on students, family finances, innovation, and employment. Yet greatly-needed government regulations have typically been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. Commentary in the volume juxtaposes countries with strong regulations with counterparts having weak regulations. Conceptually, the book considers forces changing the roles of multiple stakeholders, including governments, entrepreneurs, teachers, families and students. A useful read for students and researchers interested in comparative education and governance. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.