X Ray Diffraction Imaging
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X Ray Diffraction Imaging
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Author : Joel Greenberg
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-11-02
X Ray Diffraction Imaging written by Joel Greenberg and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explores novel methods for implementing X-ray diffraction technology as an imaging modality, which have been made possible through recent breakthroughs in detector technology, computational power, and data processing algorithms. The ability to perform fast, spatially-resolved X-ray diffraction throughout the volume of a sample opens up entirely new possibilities in areas such as material analysis, cancer diagnosis, and explosive detection, thus offering the potential to revolutionize the fields of medical, security, and industrial imaging and detection. Featuring chapters written by an international selection of authors from both academia and industry, the book provides a comprehensive discussion of the underlying physics, architectures, and applications of X-ray diffraction imaging that is accessible and relevant to neophytes and experts alike. Teaches novel methods for X-ray diffraction imaging Comprehensive and self-contained discussion of the relevant physics, imaging techniques, system components, and data processing algorithms Features state-of-the-art work of international authors from both academia and industry. Includes practical applications in the medical, industrial, and security sectors
X Ray Diffraction Imaging
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Author : Joel Alter Greenberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
X Ray Diffraction Imaging written by Joel Alter Greenberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING categories.
This book explores novel use of X-ray diffraction technology that opens an entirely new field of looking at objects, human organs, baggage suitcases, or contraband substances. The ability to perform spatially-resolved material discrimination significantly enhances the performance of medical and industrial radiography, as well as contraband and explosives detection systems. To this end, a number of approaches have been developed, including fluorescence, hyperspectral transmission, phase contrast, and coherent scatter imaging, that are explained throughout the book. Featuring chapters written by an international selection of authors from both academia and industry, the book covers both imaging and detection in practical applications for medical, industrial, and security fields.
Inverse Fan Beam X Ray Diffraction Imaging With Applications In Liquids Identification
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Author : Johannes Delfs
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2013-06-28
Inverse Fan Beam X Ray Diffraction Imaging With Applications In Liquids Identification written by Johannes Delfs and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-28 with Science categories.
The Inverse Fan-beam (IF) confi guration for X-ray Diffraction Imaging (XDI) and its capability of identifying liquid and amorphous substances for the purpose of explosive detection are described and investigated. Material specifi c information can be obtained by measuring x-ray diffraction profi-les from selected volume elements within inhomogeneous extended objects. This new technique can be used to fi ngerprint liquid explosives and may eliminate the inconvenience, uncertainty, and expense associated with monitoring liquids separately from hand luggage at airport checkpoints. Design concepts for multi-detector arrangements, a multidirectional primary collimator and the scatter imaging collimator are presented and evaluated using numerical procedures. A computer program using ray-tracing methods is described for calculating the primary beam profi le, the scattering angle distribution, and the radiation effi ciency with respect to the x-ray collimation geometry. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements were performed on various liquids which are of interest for security applications. The diffraction profi les are presented and the key features which are potentially suitable for the purpose of explosive detection identifi ed. Material specific information is obtained about the morphology and its effective atomic number. Several additional parameters describing the structure and density of the object under investigation can be derived from the peaks in the molecular interference function.
X Ray Diffraction Imaging Of Biological Cells
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Author : Masayoshi Nakasako
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-03-29
X Ray Diffraction Imaging Of Biological Cells written by Masayoshi Nakasako and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-29 with Science categories.
In this book, the author describes the development of the experimental diffraction setup and structural analysis of non-crystalline particles from material science and biology. Recent advances in X-ray free electron laser (XFEL)-coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) experiments allow for the structural analysis of non-crystalline particles to a resolution of 7 nm, and to a resolution of 20 nm for biological materials. Now XFEL-CXDI marks the dawn of a new era in structural analys of non-crystalline particles with dimensions larger than 100 nm, which was quite impossible in the 20th century. To conduct CXDI experiments in both synchrotron and XFEL facilities, the author has developed apparatuses, named KOTOBUKI-1 and TAKASAGO-6 for cryogenic diffraction experiments on frozen-hydrated non-crystalline particles at around 66 K. At the synchrotron facility, cryogenic diffraction experiments dramatically reduce radiation damage of specimen particles and allow tomography CXDI experiments. In addition, in XFEL experiments, non-crystalline particles scattered on thin support membranes and flash-cooled can be used to efficiently increase the rate of XFEL pulses. The rate, which depends on the number density of scattered particles and the size of X-ray beams, is currently 20-90%, probably the world record in XFEL-CXDI experiments. The experiment setups and results are introduced in this book. The author has also developed software suitable for efficiently processing of diffraction patterns and retrieving electron density maps of specimen particles based on the diffraction theory used in CXDI.
Optimization Of An X Ray Diffraction Imaging System For Medical And Security Applications
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Author : Fanny Marticke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Optimization Of An X Ray Diffraction Imaging System For Medical And Security Applications written by Fanny Marticke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
X-ray diffraction imaging is a powerful noninvasive technique to identify or characterize different materials. Compared to traditional techniques using X-ray transmission, it allows to extract more material characteristic information, such as the Bragg peak positions for crystalline materials as well as the molecular form factor for amorphous materials. The potential of this technique has been recognized by many researchers and numerous applications such as luggage inspection, nondestructive testing, drug detection and biological tissue characterization have been proposed.The method of energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) is particularly suited for this type of applications as it allows the use of a conventional X-ray tube, the acquisition of the whole spectrum at the same time and parallelized architectures to inspect an entire object in a reasonable time. The purpose of the present work is to optimize the whole material characterization chain. Optimization comprises two aspects: optimization of the acquisition system and of data processing. The last one concerns especially the correction of diffraction pattern degraded by acquisition process. Reconstruction methods are proposed and validated on simulated and experimental spectra. System optimization is realized using figures of merit such as detective quantum efficiency (DQE), contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.The first chosen application is XRD based breast imaging which aims to distinguish cancerous tissues from healthy tissues. Two non-multiplexed collimation configurations combining EDXRD and ADXRD are proposed after optimization procedure. A simulation study of the whole system and a breast phantom was realized to determine the required dose to detect a 4 mm carcinoma nodule. The second application concerns detection of illicit materials during security check. The possible benefit of a multiplexed collimation system was examined.
Diffraction And Imaging Techniques In Material Science P2
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Author : S Amelinckx
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Diffraction And Imaging Techniques In Material Science P2 written by S Amelinckx and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Computers categories.
Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science reviews recent developments in diffraction and imaging techniques used in the study of materials. It discusses advances in high-voltage electron microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray and neutron diffraction, X-ray topography, mirror electron microscopy, and field emission microscopy. Organized into five parts encompassing nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the dynamical theory of the diffraction of high-energy electrons in crystals and methodically introduces the reader to dynamical diffraction in perfect and imperfect crystals, inelastic scattering of electrons in crystals, and X-ray production. It then explores back scattering effects, the technical features of high-voltage electron microscopes, and surface characterization by LEED. Other chapters focus on the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction, techniques and interpretation in X-ray topography, and interpretation of the contrast of the images of defects on X-ray topographs. The book also describes theory and applications of mirror electron microscopy, surface studies by field emission of electrons, field ionization and field evaporation, and gas-surface interactions before concluding with a discussion on lattice imperfections. Scientists and students taking courses on diffraction and solid-state electron microscopy will benefit from this book.
Soft X Ray Diffraction Imaging With And Without Lenses And Radiation Damage Studies
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Author : Tobias Beetz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Soft X Ray Diffraction Imaging With And Without Lenses And Radiation Damage Studies written by Tobias Beetz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Grenz rays categories.
Multiscale X Ray Analysis Of Biological Cells And Tissues By Scanning Diffraction And Coherent Imaging
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Author : Jan-David Nicolas
language : en
Publisher: Göttingen University Press
Release Date : 2019
Multiscale X Ray Analysis Of Biological Cells And Tissues By Scanning Diffraction And Coherent Imaging written by Jan-David Nicolas and has been published by Göttingen University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Understanding the intricate details of muscle contraction has a long-standing tradition in biophysical research. X-ray diffraction has been one of the key techniques to resolve the nanometer-sized molecular machinery involved in force generation. Modern, powerful X-ray sources now provide billions of X-ray photons in time intervals as short as microseconds, enabling fast time-resolved experiments that shed further light on the complex relationship between muscle structure and function. Another approach harnesses this power by repeatedly performing such an experiment at different locations in a sample. With millions of repeated exposures in a single experiment, X-ray diffraction can seamlessly be turned into a raster imaging method, neatly combining real- and reciprocal space information. This thesis has focused on the advancement of this scanning scheme and its application to soft biological tissue, in particular muscle tissue. Special emphasis was placed on the extraction of meaningful, quantitative structural parameters such as the interfilament distance of the actomyosin lattice in cardiac muscle. The method was further adapted to image biological samples on a range of scales, from isolated cells to millimeter-sized tissue sections. Due to the ‘photon-hungry’ nature of the technique, its full potential is often exploited in combination with full-field imaging techniques. From the vast set of microscopic tools available, coherent full-field X-ray imaging has proven to be particularly useful. This multimodal approach allows to correlate two- and three-dimensional images of cells and tissue with diffraction maps of structure parameters. With the set of tools developed in this thesis, scanning X-ray diffraction can now be efficiently used for the structural analysis of soft biological tissues with overarching future applications in biophysical and biomedical research.
Nanobeam X Ray Scattering
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Author : Julian Stangl
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-09-10
Nanobeam X Ray Scattering written by Julian Stangl and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A comprehensive overview of the possibilities and potential of X-ray scattering using nanofocused beams for probing matter at the nanoscale, including guidance on the design of nanobeam experiments. The monograph discusses various sources, including free electron lasers, synchrotron radiation and other portable and non-portable X-ray sources. For scientists using synchrotron radiation or students and scientists with a background in X-ray scattering methods in general.
Synchrotron X Ray Diffraction Analysis Of Photorefractive Crystals And Their Gratings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Synchrotron X Ray Diffraction Analysis Of Photorefractive Crystals And Their Gratings written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
High-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction imaging was used to examine the state of crystal perfection in the photorefractive ferroelectric materials barium titanate and strontium barium niobate. Ferroelectric 180 degree domains, dislocations, striations, faceted growth remnants, and other lattice features were identified. The technique was also used to image the photorefractive space charge field profile in-situ. Measurements of the field were compared with numerical simulations of the standard model of the photorefractive effect, and simulations of the x-ray image formation process.