Science Values And Objectivity
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Science Values And Objectivity
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Author : Peter Machamer
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
Release Date : 2004-11-28
Science Values And Objectivity written by Peter Machamer and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Pre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-28 with Science categories.
Few people, if any, still argue that science in all its aspects is a value-free endeavor. At the very least, values affect decisions about the choice of research problems to investigate and the uses to which the results of research are applied. But what about the actual doing of science?As Science, Values, and Objectivity reveals, the connections and interactions between values and science are quite complex. The essays in this volume Theory and Method in the Neurosciences surveys the nature and structure of theories in contemporary neuroscience, exploring many of its methodological techniques and problems. The essays in this volume from the Pittsburgh -Konstanz series explore basic questions about how to relate theories of neuroscience and cognition, the multilevel character of such theories, and their experimental bases. Philosophers and scientists (and some who are both) examine the topics of explanation and mechanisms, simulation and computation, imaging and animal models that raise questions about the forefront of research in cognitive neuroscience. Their work will stimulate new thinking in anyone interested in the mind or brain and in recent theories of their connections.identify the crucial values that play a role in science, distinguish some of the criteria that can be used for value identification, and elaborate the conditions for warranting certain values as necessary or central to the very activity of scientific research.Recently, social constructivists have taken the presence of values within the scientific model to question the basis of objectivity. However, the contributors to Science, Values, and Objectivity recognize that such acknowledgment of the role of values does not negate the fact that objects exist in the world. Objects have the power to constrain our actions and thoughts, though the norms for these thoughts lie in the public, social world.Values may be decried or defended, praised or blamed, but in a world that strives for a modicum of reason, values, too, must be reasoned. Critical assessment of the values that play a role in scientific research is as much a part of doing good science as interpreting data.
Science As Social Knowledge
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Author : Helen E. Longino
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Science As Social Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Philosophy categories.
Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process. Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.
Science Society And Values
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Author : Sal P. Restivo
language : en
Publisher: Lehigh University Press
Release Date : 1994
Science Society And Values written by Sal P. Restivo and has been published by Lehigh University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Philosophy categories.
He has tried - in his career and, specifically, in this volume - to understand science without accepting the culture of science uncritically.
Values Objectivity And The Social Sciences
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Author : Gresham Riley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Values Objectivity And The Social Sciences written by Gresham Riley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Objectivity categories.
Objectivity In Science
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Author : Stephen John
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-06-10
Objectivity In Science written by Stephen John and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-10 with Philosophy categories.
Objectivity is a key concept both in how we talk about science in everyday life and in the philosophy of science. This Element explores various ways in which recent philosophers of science have thought about the nature, value and achievability of objectivity. The first section explains the general trend in recent philosophy of science away from a notion of objectivity as a 'view from nowhere' to a focus on the relationship between objectivity and trust. Section 2 discusses the relationship between objectivity and recent arguments attacking the viability or desirability of 'value free' science. Section 3 outlines Longino's influential 'social' account of objectivity, suggesting some worries about drawing too strong a link between epistemic and ethical virtues. Section 4 turns to the value of objectivity, exploring concerns that notions of objectivity are politically problematic, and cautiously advocating in response a view of objectivity in terms of invariance.
Value Free Science
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Author : Harold Kincaid
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-03-15
Value Free Science written by Harold Kincaid and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-15 with Philosophy categories.
"It has long been thought that science is our best hope for realizing objective knowledge, but that, to deliver on this promise, it must be free of the influence of any values that are not purely epistemic. As recent work in philosophy, history, and social studies of science shows, however, things are not so simple. The contributors to this volume ask where and how nonepistemic values are involved in science; they explore the roles these values play at the heart of science, in the assessment of evidence and explanations, and they examine the implications this has for ideals of objectivity."--BOOK JACKET.
Science Society And Values
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Author : Professor Department of Science and Technology Studies Sal Restivo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994-04
Science Society And Values written by Professor Department of Science and Technology Studies Sal Restivo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-04 with Social Science categories.
Restivo offers sociological insights on and analyses of the scientific revolution, scientific progress, laboratory life, science policy, mathematics, and epistemology.
Objectivity In Science
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Author : Flavia Padovani
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-03-23
Objectivity In Science written by Flavia Padovani and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-23 with Science categories.
This highly multidisciplinary collection discusses an increasingly important topic among scholars in science and technology studies: objectivity in science. It features eleven essays on scientific objectivity from a variety of perspectives, including philosophy of science, history of science, and feminist philosophy. Topics addressed in the book include the nature and value of scientific objectivity, the history of objectivity, and objectivity in scientific journals and communities. Taken individually, the essays supply new methodological tools for theorizing what is valuable in the pursuit of objective knowledge and for investigating its history. The essays offer many starting points, while suggesting new avenues of research. Taken collectively, the essays exemplify the very virtues of objectivity that they theorize—in reading them together, the reader can sense various anxieties about the dangerously subjective in our age and locate commonalities of concern as well as differences of approach. As a result, the volume offers an expansive vision of a research community seeking a communal understanding of its own methods and its own epistemic anxieties, struggling to enunciate the key problems of knowledge of our time and offer insight into how to overcome them.
Economic Growth And The Role Of Science
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Author : Sören Bergström
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Economic Growth And The Role Of Science written by Sören Bergström and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Economic development categories.
Philosophical Foundations Of Social Research Methods Social Reality And Social Context Of Social Research
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Author : Malcolm Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Philosophical Foundations Of Social Research Methods Social Reality And Social Context Of Social Research written by Malcolm Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Science categories.
The 'philosophy of social research' is a subset of the philosophy of social science, but also an important subject area spanning methodology and method. The articles in this collection are the best exemplars of key positions in a very wide disciplinary field. Topics covered include science and art in the history of social research, positivism and antipositivism, language and the linguistic turn, realism and anti-realism, theory and theory choice, logic and models, prediction and laws, interpretation, probability and complexity.