Reducing Earthquake Losses
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Reducing Earthquake Losses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1995
Reducing Earthquake Losses written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Earthquakes have caused massive death and destruction, and potentially damaging earthquakes are certain to occur in the future. Although earthquakes are uncontrollable, the losses they cause can be reduced by building structures that resist earthquake damage, matching land use to risk, developing emergency response plans, and other means. Since 1977, the federal government has had a research oriented program to reduce earthquake losses the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This program has made significant contributions toward improving our understanding of earthquakes and strategies to reduce their impact. Implementing action based on this understanding, however, has been quite difficult. This chapter provides an introduction to earthquakes: a sum mary of the earthquake hazard across the United States, a review of the types of losses earthquakes cause, a discussion of why earthquakes are a congressional concern, and an introduction to mitigation actions taken prior to earthquakes that can reduce losses when they occur. The federal policy response to date, NEHRP is then described and reviewed. Finally, specific policy options for improving federal efforts to reduce future earthquake losses are presented.
Reducing Earthquake Losses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Reducing Earthquake Losses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Nature categories.
Reducing Earthquake Losses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Reducing Earthquake Losses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Earthquakes have caused massive death and destruction, and potentially damaging earthquakes are certain to occur in the future. Although earthquakes are uncontrollable, the losses they cause can be reduced by building structures that resist earthquake damage, matching land use to risk, developing emergency response plans, and other means. Since 1977, the federal government has had a research oriented program to reduce earthquake losses the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This program has made significant contributions toward improving our understanding of earthquakes and strategies to reduce their impact. Implementing action based on this understanding, however, has been quite difficult. This chapter provides an introduction to earthquakes: a sum mary of the earthquake hazard across the United States, a review of the types of losses earthquakes cause, a discussion of why earthquakes are a congressional concern, and an introduction to mitigation actions taken prior to earthquakes that can reduce losses when they occur. The federal policy response to date, NEHRP is then described and reviewed. Finally, specific policy options for improving federal efforts to reduce future earthquake losses are presented.
Reducing Earthquake Losses
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Author : Gordon Press Publishers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996-10
Reducing Earthquake Losses written by Gordon Press Publishers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10 with categories.
A Guide To Reducing Losses From Future Earthquakes In Utah
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Author : Walter J. Arabasz
language : en
Publisher: Utah Geological Survey
Release Date : 1991
A Guide To Reducing Losses From Future Earthquakes In Utah written by Walter J. Arabasz and has been published by Utah Geological Survey this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Toward Reduction Of Losses From Earthquakes
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Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Alaska Earthquake
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Toward Reduction Of Losses From Earthquakes written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Alaska Earthquake and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Earthquakes categories.
Earthquakes
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Author : Peter Folger
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2012-04-29
Earthquakes written by Peter Folger and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-29 with categories.
The United States faces the possibility of large economic losses from earthquake-damaged buildings and infrastructure. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has estimated that earthquakes cost the United States, on average, over $5 billion per year. California, Oregon, and Washington account for nearly $4.1 billion (77%) of the U.S. total estimated average annualized loss. California alone accounts for most of the estimated annualized earthquake losses for the nation. A single large earthquake, however, can cause far more damage than the average annual estimate. The 1994 Northridge (CA) earthquake caused as much as $26 billion (in 2005 dollars) in damage and was one of the costliest natural disasters to strike the United States. One study of the damage caused by a hypothetical magnitude 7.8 earthquake along the San Andreas Fault in southern California projected as many as 1,800 fatalities and more than $200 billion in economic losses. An issue for the 112th Congress is whether existing federally supported programs aimed at reducing U.S. vulnerability to earthquakes are an adequate response to the earthquake hazard. Under the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), four federal agencies have responsibility for long-term earthquake risk reduction: the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). They variously assess U.S. earthquake hazards, deliver notifications of seismic events, develop measures to reduce earthquake hazards, and conduct research to help reduce overall U.S. vulnerability to earthquakes. Congressional oversight of the NEHRP program might revisit how well the four agencies coordinate their activities to address the earthquake hazard. Better coordination was a concern that led to changes to the program in legislation enacted in 2004 (P.L. 108-360). P.L. 108-360 authorized appropriations for NEHRP through FY2009. Total funding enacted from reauthorization through FY2009 was $613.2 million, approximately 68% of the total amount of $902.4 million authorized by P.L. 108-360. Congress appropriated $131.2 million for NEHRP in FY2010, similar to FY2009 funding levels. Also, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) provided some additional funding for earthquake activities under NEHRP. What effect funding at the levels enacted through FY2010 under NEHRP has had on the U.S. capability to detect earthquakes and minimize losses after an earthquake occurs is difficult to assess. The effectiveness of the NEHRP program is a perennial issue for Congress: it is inherently difficult to capture precisely, in terms of dollars saved or fatalities prevented, the effectiveness of mitigation measures taken before an earthquake occurs. A major earthquake in a populated urban area within the United States would cause damage, and a question becomes how much damage would be prevented by mitigation strategies underpinned by the NEHRP program. Legislation was introduced during the 111th Congress (H.R. 3820) that would have made changes to the program and would have authorized appropriations totaling $906 million over five years for NEHRP. Ninety percent of the funding would have been designated for the USGS and NSF, and the remainder for FEMA and NIST. The bill passed the House but not the Senate. Similar legislation will likely be introduced in the 112th Congress.
Earthquake Risk Reduction
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Author : David J. Dowrick
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-09-12
Earthquake Risk Reduction written by David J. Dowrick and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Encompassing theory and field experience, this book covers all the main subject areas in earthquake risk reduction, ranging from geology, seismology, structural and soil dynamics to hazard and risk assessment, risk management and planning, engineering and the architectural design of new structures and equipment. Earthquake Risk Reduction outlines individual national weaknesses that contribute to earthquake risk to people and property; calculates the seismic response of soils and structures, using the structural continuum 'Subsoil - Substructure - Superstructure - Non-structure'; evaluates the effectiveness of given designs and construction procedures for reducing casualties and financial losses; provides guidance on the key issue of choice of structural form; presents earthquake resistant designs methods for the four main structural materials - steel, concrete, reinforced masonry and timber - as well as for services equipment, plant and non-structural architectural components; contains a chapter devoted to problems involved in improving (retrofitting) the existing built environment. Compiled from the author's extensive professional experience in earthquake engineering, this key text provides an excellent treatment of the complex multidisciplinary process of earthquake risk reduction. This book will prove an invaluable reference and guiding tool to practicing civil and structural engineers and architects, researchers and postgraduate students in seismology, local governments and risk management officials.
Reducing The Risks Of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Reducing The Risks Of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Buildings categories.
Strategy For National Earthquake Loss Reduction
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Strategy For National Earthquake Loss Reduction written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Earthquake hazard analysis categories.