Reasoning Backwards

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An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence

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Author : Janet Finlay
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1996-06-27

An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence written by Janet Finlay and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06-27 with Computers categories.

An authoritative and accessible one-stop resource, An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence presents the first full examination of AI. Designed to provide an understanding of the foundations of artificial intelligence, it examines the central computational techniques employed by AI, including knowledge representation, search, reasoning, and learning, as well as the principal application domains of expert systems, natural language, vision, robotics, software agents and cognitive modeling. Many of the major philosophical and ethical issues of AI are also introduced. Throughout the volume, the authors provide detailed, well-illustrated treatments of each topic with abundant examples and exercises. The authors bring this exciting field to life by presenting a substantial and robust introduction to artificial intelligence in a clear and concise coursebook form. This book stands as a core text for all computer scientists approaching AI for the first time.

Cognitive Carpentry

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Author : John L. Pollock
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1995

Cognitive Carpentry written by John L. Pollock and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Computers categories.

A sequel to the author's How to Build a Person, this work builds upon that theoretical groundwork for the implementation of rationality through artificial intelligence. It argues that progress in AI has stalled because of its creators' reliance upon unformulated intuitions about rationality. Instead, the author bases the OSCAR architecture upon an explicit philosophical theory of rationality, encompassing principles of practical cognition, epistemic cognition and defeasible reasoning. One of the results is the first automated defeasible reasoner capable of reasoning in a rich, logical environment.

Philosophy And Ai

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Author : Robert Cummins
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1991

Philosophy And Ai written by Robert Cummins and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Computers categories.

Philosophy and AI presents invited contributions that focus on the different perspectives and techniques that philosophy and AI bring to the theory of rationality. Philosophers have found that the concepts and technology of artificial intelligence provide useful ways to test theories of knowledge and reason. Conversely, researchers in artificial intelligence, noting that the production of information-processing systems require a prior theory of rationality, have begun writing philosophy. Philosophy and AI presents invited contributions that focus on the different perspectives and techniques that philosophy and AI bring to the theory of rationality. A Bradford Book

Reasoning Backward

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Author : Gregg Young
language : en
Publisher: Young Associates, Incorporated
Release Date : 2013-04

Reasoning Backward written by Gregg Young and has been published by Young Associates, Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04 with Holmes, Sherlock (Fictitious character) categories.

"In solving a problem of this sort, the grand thing is to be able to reason backward" Holmes explained. "That is a very useful accomplishment, and a very easy one, but people do not practice it much..." Most problem solvers reason forward from cause to effect. They brainstorm root causes by asking, "What could be the root causes?" Then they start guessing, which is slow and ineffective. This approach rarely finds every root cause, so it rarely develops complete solutions. The best strategy reasons backward from effect to cause, using Sherlock Holmes' strategy of observation and deduction. Problem solvers ask, "What is different when problems occur?" Reasoning backward is four times more effective than reasoning forward. One set of problem-solving tools based on Holmes' strategy delivers superior results, but it is not well known. This book introduces Holmes' strategy and these tools for the first time. Now, anyone can become an exceptional problem solver.

Guide To Teaching Puzzle Based Learning

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Author : Edwin F. Meyer III
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-23

Guide To Teaching Puzzle Based Learning written by Edwin F. Meyer III and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-23 with Education categories.

This book provides insights drawn from the authors’ extensive experience in teaching Puzzle-based Learning. Practical advice is provided for teachers and lecturers evaluating a range of different formats for varying class sizes. Features: suggests numerous entertaining puzzles designed to motivate students to think about framing and solving unstructured problems; discusses models for student engagement, setting up puzzle clubs, hosting a puzzle competition, and warm-up activities; presents an overview of effective teaching approaches used in Puzzle-based Learning, covering a variety of class activities, assignment settings and assessment strategies; examines the issues involved in framing a problem and reviews a range of problem-solving strategies; contains tips for teachers and notes on common student pitfalls throughout the text; provides a collection of puzzle sets for use during a Puzzle-based Learning event, including puzzles that require probabilistic reasoning, and logic and geometry puzzles.

Cognition In Children

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Author : Usha Goswami
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-04-04

Cognition In Children written by Usha Goswami and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Psychology categories.

This textbook aims to provide a selective, but representative, review of work in cognitive development, grouped around themes that are familiar from textbooks of adult cognition. The book focuses on the question of what develops, rather than on why it develops. The findings of a given experimental study what develops are generally fixed, but the interpretation of what particular findings mean why is fluid. Some of the experiments discussed in this book have alternative explanations, and every student interested in children's cognition is invited to develop their own ideas about what different studies mean.

Reasoning Backwards

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Author : Gregg Young
language : en
Publisher: Young Associates Incorporated
Release Date : 2011-03

Reasoning Backwards written by Gregg Young and has been published by Young Associates Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03 with Problem solving categories.

American schools don't teach students how to solve problems, but ever since 2008, Japanese schools do.Fortunately for America, there are two strategies for solving problems, and the Japanese strategy reasons forwards from cause to effect. They brainstorm root causes by asking, "What COULD BE the root causes?" Then, they start guessing, which is slow and ineffective. This approach rarely finds every root cause, so it rarely develops complete solutions.The better approach reasons backwards from effect to cause, using Sherlock Holmes' strategy of Observation and Deduction. Problem solvers ask, "What IS different when problems occur?" They observe the situation to discover clues that quickly identify every root cause, which leads to complete solutions. Reasoning backwards is 4 times more effective than reasoning forwards.One set of problem solving tools based on Holmes' strategy delivers superior results, but it has never been taught in school. Now, this book introduces Holmes' strategy and these tools to students. For the first time, students can leave school prepared to be world-class problem solvers.

The Herbartian Psychology Applied To Education

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Author : John Adams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1897

The Herbartian Psychology Applied To Education written by John Adams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1897 with Educational psychology categories.

Critical And Exegetical Handbook To The Epistle To The Romans

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Author : Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1873

Critical And Exegetical Handbook To The Epistle To The Romans written by Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1873 with Bible categories.

Critical And Exegetical Commentary On The New Testament Critical And Exegetical Handbook To The Epistle To The Romans

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Author : William Purdie Dickson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1873

Critical And Exegetical Commentary On The New Testament Critical And Exegetical Handbook To The Epistle To The Romans written by William Purdie Dickson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1873 with Bible categories.