Png

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The Agrifood System In Png Structure And Drivers Of Transformation

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Author : Diao, Xinshen
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2024-09-03

The Agrifood System In Png Structure And Drivers Of Transformation written by Diao, Xinshen and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-03 with Political Science categories.

Although the economy of Papua New Guinea is heavily influenced by the oil and natural gas sector, which accounts for 30 percent of GDP and most of the country’s foreign exchange earnings, small-scale agriculture continues to be the major source of livelihoods for most of the population. Much of the food crop production (particularly starchy staples such as sweet potatoes, cassava, yams and sago) is not traded internationally; however, oil palm, coffee and cocoa are major exports. A large share of agricultural production undergoes little value-added through processing and much of it is consumed by farm households themselves. Thus, there would appear to be substantial scope for increases in employment and incomes through further development of the broader agrifood system, including agroprocessing, trade and transport, and food services. Subsistence farming typically dominates agriculture during the earliest stages of development; as agricultural productivity rises; however, farmers start to supply surplus production to markets, thus creating job opportunities for workers in the nonfarm economy both within and outside of agrifood sectors (Haggblade, Hazell, and Dorosh 2007). Rising rural incomes generate demand for more diverse products, leading to more processing, packaging, transporting, trading, and other nonfarm activities. In the early stages of agricultural transformation, the agriculture sector serves as an engine of rural and national economic growth. Eventually, urbanization, the nonfarm economy, and nonagricultural incomes play more dominant roles in propelling agrifood system development, with urban and rural nonfarm consumers creating most of the demand for agricultural outputs via value chains connecting rural areas to towns and cities (Dorosh and Thurlow 2013). The exact nature of this transformation process varies across countries because of the diverse structure of their economies and the unique growth trajectories of their various agrifood and nonfood subsectors. This paper describes the current and changing structure of PNG’s agrifood system (AFS) and evaluates the potential contribution of different value chains to accelerate agricultural transformation and inclusiveness. We start by offering a simple conceptual framework of the AFS and then compare PNG’s AFS to that of other countries at different stages of development. We go on to disaggregate PNG’s AFS across agricultural value chains, taking into consideration their different market structures and historical contribution to economic growth and transformation. Finally, we use a forward-looking economywide model to assess the diverse contributions that specific value chains can make to each of a set of broad development outcomes. We conclude by summarizing our main findings.

2023 Png Rural Household Survey Report

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Author : Schmidt, Emily
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2024-03-18

2023 Png Rural Household Survey Report written by Schmidt, Emily and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-18 with Political Science categories.

From May to December 2023, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a rural household survey that collected detailed data on rural household food consumption and expenditures, agricultural production practices, employment profiles, child and mother 24-hour diet recall, and child anthropometry measurements in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The research team carried out the survey, which used location-based sampling, across five agroecological study areas, of which four of the areas were defined using elevation and rainfall variation. The five agroecological survey areas were seasonal highlands, nonseasonal highlands, seasonal lowlands, nonseasonal lowlands, and islands (the islands survey sample was not disaggregated by elevation or precipitation patterns). In identifying seasonal and nonseasonal survey areas, we adapted the rainfall seasonality categories established by Bourke and Harwood (2009), who evaluated the relative difference in rainfall between the wet and the dry season using resource mapping units defined by the PNG Resource Information System (PNGRIS). The areas of the country that experience large seasonal variation in rainfall (heavy to light, depending on the season) are classified as seasonal, whereas the areas that experience moderate to continuously heavy rainfall throughout the year are classified as nonseasonal (see Figure A1.1 in the appendix for the survey seasonality classification by area). In nonseasonal areas, agricultural growing conditions remain similar year-round, whereas seasonal rainfall areas have agricultural conditions that necessitate a variety of production strategies. Lowland and highland areas were defined using elevation data; areas 1,000 meters or more above sea level were classified as highlands, and those below 1,000 meters were classified as lowlands. The survey collected data from 270 communities across 14 provinces, from a total of 2,699 households. It is important to note that the survey is not nationally representative. Rather, we chose a purposive sample using criteria that would enable analysts of the data to understand the key factors that interact within rural households and communities to create more resilient local food systems, more diversified employment profiles, and improved well-being. Generalizable relationships between variables that affect socioeconomic and other development outcomes in rural PNG communities should be seen consistently in both representative and unrepresentative survey samples.

God Knows Best Apec Png 2018 My Way

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Author : Lahui Ako
language : en
Publisher: Partridge Publishing Singapore
Release Date : 2023-04-10

God Knows Best Apec Png 2018 My Way written by Lahui Ako and has been published by Partridge Publishing Singapore this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-10 with Social Science categories.

Lahui Ako, a former diplomat, and PNG APEC Senior Official, recounts the complex, difficult, and sometimes treacherous path he faced in the world of multilateral diplomacy, both by himself, and his country, when it committed to host and chair APEC in 2018. He tells of the political barriers, the diplomatic innuendos, the financial hurdles, and the organizational complexity he encountered, from the planning phases in 2012, right up to being in the cross-fire of the nationalistic Trump officials, and China’s aggressive “wolf warrior” diplomats where hard choices had to be made in November, 2018. Ultimately, there wont be a consensus APEC 2018 Leaders’ Declaration, but Lahui and his team will acquit themselves well; simply, because, their God knows best.

Png

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Author : Greg Roelofs
language : en
Publisher: O'Reilly Media
Release Date : 1999

Png written by Greg Roelofs and has been published by O'Reilly Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Computers categories.

From a senior researcher who helped design the PNG image format comes a guide that focuses on implementing PNG with the libpng C library and discusses improvements, such as gamma correction and the standard color spaces for precise reproduction of image colors on a wide range of systems.

Constraints Facing Rural Poultry Production In Png The Role Of Input Suppliers

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Author : Fang, Peixun
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2023-06-14

Constraints Facing Rural Poultry Production In Png The Role Of Input Suppliers written by Fang, Peixun and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-14 with Political Science categories.

Context: The average consumption of protein foods in Papua New Guinea (PNG) remains insufficient to meet nutritious diet guidelines, especially in rural areas. While an expanding literature has demonstrated that poultry is a cost-efficient animal source food to increase protein intake, rural households in PNG face high prices at the market for poultry meat. Similarly, the high price of poultry production inputs constrains greater uptake of rural poultry production. PNG’s heavy reliance on feed (and feed input) imports, as well as high transportation costs and insufficient rural manufacturing and processing infrastructure creates limited opportunities for rural subsistence and commercial poultry production growth. Objective: There is a lack of value chain studies to understand the feasibility of expanding the local mini livestock feed mill model in PNG to increase poultry feed supply in underserved areas. This study builds from earlier work on rural livestock feed infrastructure programs, and aims to fill the knowledge gap on the opportunities and constraints for expanding domestic livestock feed production and distribution via rural mini feed mills. Method: The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the National Agriculture Research Institute (NARI) conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 8 mini mills and 13 poultry farmers across 4 highland provinces during October and November 2022. We synthesize the interview transcriptions of the qualitative interviews in tandem with quantitative analysis of food consumption and agri-food trade data, as well as the authors’ own field observations in this paper. Results: The in-depth interviews showed that the poultry farmers who purchased from local mini feed mills substantially lowered their feed costs, resulting in greater gross profits compared to rural poultry farmers that only sourced feed from commercial feed suppliers. However, the mini feed mills that we interviewed outlined a series of challenges in sustaining rural feed mills in PNG. The main challenges of running a successful mill included feed mill equipment procurement, electricity reliability, reliable raw ingredient supply, mini mill retailing to secure a client base, and adequate information about feed formulation. We identified two potential approaches that have overcome many of the identified challenges, that could be replicated and adapted to expand mini feed mill operations in the Highlands. The first approach is a farmer cooperative model that incorporates credit and feed delivery services to cooperative farmers. In doing so, they are able to better estimate volume demand for processed feed and accommodate feed production accordingly. The second approach follows a lead firm model, whereby a local farm supply retail outlet is expanding its business to include livestock feed production and supply, overcoming equipment procurement constraints given their previously developed business model focused on farm implement supply. Our evaluation provides detailed costs and benefits of both approaches for potential expansion of these livestock feed producer and distributor models.

Chinese English Dictionary Of The Vernacular Or Spoken Language Of Amoy With The Principal Variations Of The Chang Chew And Chin Chew Dialects

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Author : Carstairs Douglas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1873

Chinese English Dictionary Of The Vernacular Or Spoken Language Of Amoy With The Principal Variations Of The Chang Chew And Chin Chew Dialects written by Carstairs Douglas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1873 with categories.

Papua New Guinea Png Gas Project

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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Papua New Guinea Png Gas Project written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Economic assistance categories.

P N G Government And Other Community Life Studies

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Author : Ron Fyffe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980

P N G Government And Other Community Life Studies written by Ron Fyffe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Papua New Guinea categories.

Readings In Png Mission History

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Author : Francis Mihalic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Readings In Png Mission History written by Francis Mihalic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Missions categories.

"This book chronicles the mission involvement of the SVD (Divine World Missionaries) and SSpS (Holy Spirit Missionary Sisters) between 1946 and 1996 on mainland New Guinea". " It is a collection of information based mostly on eye-witness accounts, oral history, personal notes, privately published monographs, the archives of religious orders like the Franciscans and Marianhillers, the house chronicles of convents and communities, diaries, and interviews." Pref.

Surveys In Five P N G Languages

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976

Surveys In Five P N G Languages written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Abulas language categories.