Orientalia Suecana

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Orientalia Suecana

Orientalia Suecana written by Erik Gren and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with Asia categories.

Orientalia Suecana

Orientalia Suecana written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Asia categories.

Studia Orientalia

Studia Orientalia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with East Asia categories.

Index Islamicus

Index Islamicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Africa, North categories.

Catalog Of Demotic Texts In The Brooklyn Museum

Catalog Of Demotic Texts In The Brooklyn Museum written by George Robert Hughes and has been published by Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Art categories.

Lists the Brooklyn Museum's collection of 212 demotic Egyptian texts.

Proceedings Of The All India Oriental Conference

Proceedings Of The All India Oriental Conference written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Indo-European philology categories.

Oriental Institute Communications

Oriental Institute Communications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Egyptian language categories.

Tax Receipts Taxpayers And Taxes In Early Ptolemaic Thebes

Tax Receipts Taxpayers And Taxes In Early Ptolemaic Thebes written by Brian Paul Muhs and has been published by Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.

Study of papyri and ostraca in the Oriental Institute Museum, Chicago, which includes Demotic, Greek, and bilingual tax receipts from early Ptolemaic Thebes.

Proceedings And Transactions Of The All India Oriental Conference

Proceedings And Transactions Of The All India Oriental Conference written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with All-India Oriental Conference categories.

Private Tradition Public State

Private Tradition Public State written by Alexandra A. O'Brien and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Egypt categories.

Following the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC Egypt experienced a gradual transition from an Egyptian to a Hellenistic administration. Egyptian law was recognised by the Ptolemies, but not by the Romans who adopted Hellenistic practice wholesale. This had major implications for women, since Egyptian custom treated women as legally independent persons, while Hellenistic law customarily required them act through a male guardian. Study of the Demotic business and administrative texts from Ptolemaic and Roman Thebes reveals cultural and gender-based differences in treatment of individuals in the documents. The Egyptian papyri show men and women owning and transferring a variety of properties with almost equal frequency. Women were clearly substantial property owners in Thebes at this time. However, gender could affect an individual on many levels: the titles given to a party in a contract, the portion of an estate an individual could inherit, involvement in management of property and interaction with the state. Analysis of the Theban documents, in addition to related material, suggests that the management of a woman's property by her husband lies behind both the rare use of titles in association with women, as well as women's infrequent appearance in leases, loans and non-tax ostraca. The Hellenistic culture of the administration reinforced any tendency to down-play the involvement of women and to not give them titles in business documents. The few taxes women paid were initiated prior to the administrative reforms of year 22 of Ptolemy II, the intention of which was probably to bring the administration of Egypt into line with Hellenistic practice. The administration's increasing Hellenisation in the later Ptolemaic and Roman periods is reflected in a sharp decline in numbers of female tax payers. The dearth of Demotic legal papyri of the Roman period illustrates both the end of official recognition of Egyptian law and the corresponding loss of the legal independence of women, which had been a fundamental element of Egyptian culture since the early Pharaonic period.