Nuclear Fuel Cycle Objectives

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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Objectives

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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency
Release Date : 2013

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Objectives written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by International Atomic Energy Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The IAEA's Nuclear Energy Basic Principles publication presents the basic principles on which nuclear energy systems should be based, to fulfil nuclear energy's potential to help meet growing global energy needs. This publication establishes the five sets of criteria - known collectively as the 'nuclear fuel cycle objectives' - that need to be fulfilled in order to satisfy the Nuclear Energy Basic Principles in the area of the nuclear fuel cycle. It covers the following topics: resources; fuel engineering and performance; spent fuel management and reprocessing; fuel cycles; and the nuclear fuel cycle of research reactors.

Internationalization Of The Nuclear Fuel Cycle

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Author : Russian Academy of Sciences
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-01-26

Internationalization Of The Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Russian Academy of Sciences and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-26 with Science categories.

The so-called nuclear renaissance has increased worldwide interest in nuclear power. This potential growth also has increased, in some quarters, concern that nonproliferation considerations are not being given sufficient attention. In particular, since introduction of many new power reactors will lead to requiring increased uranium enrichment services to provide the reactor fuel, the proliferation risk of adding enrichment facilities in countries that do not have them now led to proposals to provide the needed fuel without requiring indigenous enrichment facilities. Similar concerns exist for reprocessing facilities. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle summarizes key issues and analyses of the topic, offers some criteria for evaluating options, and makes findings and recommendations to help the United States, the Russian Federation, and the international community reduce proliferation and other risks, as nuclear power is used more widely. This book is intended for all those who are concerned about the need for assuring fuel for new reactors and at the same time limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. This audience includes the United States and Russia, other nations that currently supply nuclear material and technology, many other countries contemplating starting or growing nuclear power programs, and the international organizations that support the safe, secure functioning of the international nuclear fuel cycle, most prominently the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements And Supply Considerations Through The Long Term

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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand
language : en
Publisher: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center]
Release Date : 1978

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Requirements And Supply Considerations Through The Long Term written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Uranium Demand and has been published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center] this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Business & Economics categories.

Trends Towards Sustainability In The Nuclear Fuel Cycle

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Author : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Developme
Release Date : 2011

Trends Towards Sustainability In The Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and has been published by Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Developme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.

Interest in expanding nuclear power to cope with rising demand for energy and potential climate change places increased attention on the nuclear fuel cycle and whether significant moves are being taken towards ensuring sustainability over the long term. Future nuclear power programme decisions will be increasingly based on strategic considerations involving the complete nuclear fuel cycle, as illustrated by the international joint projects for Generation IV reactors. Currently, 90% of installed reactors worldwide operate on a once-through nuclear fuel cycle using uranium-oxide fuel. While closing the fuel cycle has been a general aim for several decades, progress towards that goal has been slow. This report reviews developments in the fuel cycle over the past ten years, potential developments over the next decade and the outlook for the longer term. It analyses technological developments and government actions (both nationally and internationally) related to the fuel cycle, and examines these within a set of sustainability parameters in order to identify trends and to make recommendations for further action

Objectives Concepts And Strategies For The Management Of Radioactive Waste Arising From Nuclear Power Programmes

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Author : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center]
Release Date : 1977

Objectives Concepts And Strategies For The Management Of Radioactive Waste Arising From Nuclear Power Programmes written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and has been published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center] this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Nuclear energy categories.

Fuel Cycle Analysis Of Once Through Nuclear Systems

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Fuel Cycle Analysis Of Once Through Nuclear Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

Once-through fuel cycle systems are commercially used for the generation of nuclear power, with little exception. The bulk of these once-through systems have been water-cooled reactors (light-water and heavy water reactors, LWRs and HWRs). Some gas-cooled reactors are used in the United Kingdom. The commercial power systems that are exceptions use limited recycle (currently one recycle) of transuranic elements, primarily plutonium, as done in Europe and nearing deployment in Japan. For most of these once-through fuel cycles, the ultimate storage of the used (spent) nuclear fuel (UNF, SNF) will be in a geologic repository. Besides the commercial nuclear plants, new once-through concepts are being proposed for various objectives under international advanced nuclear fuel cycle studies and by industrial and venture capital groups. Some of the objectives for these systems include: (1) Long life core for remote use or foreign export and to support proliferation risk reduction goals - In these systems the intent is to achieve very long core-life with no refueling and limited or no access to the fuel. Most of these systems are fast spectrum systems and have been designed with the intent to improve plant economics, minimize nuclear waste, enhance system safety, and reduce proliferation risk. Some of these designs are being developed under Generation IV International Forum activities and have generally not used fuel blankets and have limited the fissile content of the fuel to less than 20% for the purpose on meeting international nonproliferation objectives. In general, the systems attempt to use transuranic elements (TRU) produced in current commercial nuclear power plants as this is seen as a way to minimize the amount of the problematic radio-nuclides that have to be stored in a repository. In this case, however, the reprocessing of the commercial LWR UNF to produce the initial fuel will be necessary. For this reason, some of the systems plan to use low enriched uranium (LEU) fuels. Examples of systems in this class include the small modular reactors being considered internationally; e.g. 4S [Tsuboi 2009], Hyperion Power Module [Deal 2010], ARC-100 [Wade 2010], and SSTAR [Smith 2008]. (2) Systems for Resource Utilization - In recent years, interest has developed in the use of advanced nuclear designs for the effective utilization of fuel resources. Systems under this class have generally utilized the breed and burn concept in which fissile material is bred and used in situ in the reactor core. Due to the favorable breeding that is possible with fast neutrons, these systems have tended to be fast spectrum systems. In the once-through concepts (as opposed to the traditional multirecycle approach typically considered for fast reactors), an ignition (or starter) zone contains driver fuel which is fissile material. This zone is designed to last a long time period to allow the breeding of sufficient fissile material in the adjoining blanket zone. The blanket zone is initially made of fertile depleted uranium fuel. This zone could also be made of fertile thorium fuel or recovered uranium from fuel reprocessing or natural uranium. However, given the bulk of depleted uranium and the potentially large inventory of recovered uranium, it is unlikely that the use of thorium is required in the near term in the U.S. Following the breeding of plutonium or fissile U-233 in the blanket, this zone or assembly then carries a larger fraction of the power generation in the reactor. These systems tend to also have a long cycle length (or core life) and they could be with or without fuel shuffling. When fuel is shuffled, the incoming fuel is generally depleted uranium (or thorium) fuel. In any case, fuel is burned once and then discharged. Examples of systems in this class include the CANDLE concept [Sekimoto 2001], the traveling wave reactor (TWR) concept of TerraPower [Ellis 2010], the ultra-long life fast reactor (ULFR) by ANL [Kim 2010], and the BNL fast mixed spectrum reactor (FMSR) concept [Fisher 1979]. (3) Thermal systems for resource extension - These systems were primarily considered during the INFCE/NASAP evaluations [NASAP 1979] and include various LWR designs for increasing resource utilization (both uranium and thorium). This class would include the Radkowsky seed-blanket concept. Also included in this class are the thermal reactor systems being considered for deployment as small modular reactors, such as IRIS [Carelli 2004], mPower [mPower], and NuScale [NuScale] that are all water cooled reactors. The purpose of this work is to provide relevant systems and fuel cycle information for some of these once-through fuel cycle systems. In this report, the intent is on providing information on most of the systems from open sources and from scoping studies recently done within the program. As there is insufficient fuel cycle information on the first class of systems, they are not discussed in this report.

Evaluation Of Fiscal Year 1979 Arms Control Impact Statements

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Author : Library of Congress. Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Evaluation Of Fiscal Year 1979 Arms Control Impact Statements written by Library of Congress. Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Arms control impact statements categories.

The Agency S Programme And Budget For And Budget For

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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

The Agency S Programme And Budget For And Budget For written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

The Agency S Draft Programme And Budget For

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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

The Agency S Draft Programme And Budget For written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

The Agency S Programme And Budget For

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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

The Agency S Programme And Budget For written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.