Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Farhan Khan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks written by Farhan Khan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
One of the most fundamental aspects of wireless sensor networking based applications is that they are either designed to monitor physical quantities, observe various phenomena, disseminate useful information to autonomous or semi-autonomous agents, or simply gather information in their surrounding environment. The collected information may be used by a cyber-physical system or transmitted via a data network to a remote location for subsequent data processing. In both cases, the information can become meaningless if the current location of the sending sensor node is not known or the reported information or observation is not accurately location stamped. In addition to this, there are certain tracking applications, monitoring applications, and geographical routing protocols that put a stringent demand that the location of sensor nodes should be known a priori. This work proposes a distributed localization algorithm that describes how a small sub-region in a sensing eld can construct a spatial map of the locations of all the neighbouring nodes based on inter-node distances and how each sub-region can then stitch its own map with those of all other sub-regions in its close proximity with the outcome that the collection of stitched maps forms a consistent coordinate system. The proposed localization algorithm employs concepts of range lookup, multidimensional scaling, and least-squares tting to compute locations of static sensor nodes. The proposed algorithm can compute relative coordinates without the use of any anchor nodes and is also capable of converting the relative coordinates into absolute coordinates if a certain minimum number of anchor nodes become available at a later stage. The proposed localization scheme is only one component of a proposed framework which aims to enhance road tra c safety by employing static roadside sensors. In addition to the localization service, three more components have been proposed for the road tra c safety framework namely a road segment surveillance scheme to detect vehicles on two-way roads, an adaptive data forwarding scheme to route data among roadside sensors using reinforcement learning, and a reverse forwarding scheme to deliver road condition information or warning messages from static roadside sensors to vehicles approaching a designated region-of-interest.
Node Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Xue Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-18
Node Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks written by Xue Zhang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In sensor network applications, measured data are often meaningful only when the location is accurately known. In this booklet, we study research problems associated with node localization in wireless sensor networks. We describe sensor network localization problems in terms of a detection and estimation framework and we emphasize specifically a cooperative process where sensors with known locations are used to localize nodes at unknown locations. In this class of problems, even if the location of a node is known, the wireless links and transmission modalities between two nodes may be unknown. In this case, sensor nodes are used to detect the location and estimate pertinent data transmission activities between nodes. In addition to the broader problem of sensor localization, this booklet studies also specific localization measurements such as time of arrival (TOA), received signal strength (RSS), and direction of arrival (DOA). The sequential localization algorithm, which uses a subset of sensor nodes to estimate nearby sensor nodes' locations is discussed in detail. Extensive bibliography is given for those readers who want to delve further into specific topics.
Secure Localization And Time Synchronization For Wireless Sensor And Ad Hoc Networks
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Author : Radha Poovendran
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-03
Secure Localization And Time Synchronization For Wireless Sensor And Ad Hoc Networks written by Radha Poovendran and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Localization is a critical process in mobile ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor node or MANET devices need to know the network's location or its relative location, with respect to the rest of the network neighbors. However, due to the open spectrum nature of wireless communication, it is subject to attacks and intrusions. Hence the wireless network synchronization needs to be both robust and secure. Furthermore, issues such as energy constraints and mobility make the localization process even more challenging. Secure Localization and Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks presents the latest research results in the area of secure localization for both wireless mobile ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks.
Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : King-Yip Cheng
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-27
Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks written by King-Yip Cheng and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with categories.
This dissertation, "Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks" by King-yip, Cheng, 鄭勁業, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks submitted by King-Yip Cheng for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong December 2006 Localization in wireless sensor networks is the process of determining the geographical positions of sensors. Only some of the sensors (anchors) in the networks have prior knowledge about their geo- graphical positions. Localization algorithms use the location information of anchors and estimates of distances between neighbouring nodes to determine the positions of the rest of the sensors. In this work, modifications to Ad Hoc Positioning System (APS) [7] [8] are proposed to im- prove its performance in anisotropic networks. Only selected anchors instead of all anchors are included in the multilateration process. The nearest three anchors that form a convex hull embed- ding the sensor are used to localize the sensor. A heuristic-based Convex Hull Detection Method (CHDM) is used to detect whether the anchors form a convex hull embedding the sensor. Simula- tion results suggest that the modifications are considerably more accurate in anisotropic networks than the original APS. The CHDM is also applicable to localization systems based on proximity- distance map (PDM) [20]. The effects of the number and placement of anchors are also investigated. The performance of a PDM-based localization system is severely degraded if anchors are clustered together. A phased approach, MDS+CHDM, is proposed to alleviate the degradation. In the first phase, MDS- MAP [11] is used to localize some nodes in the network as it shows less dependence on the numberand placement of anchors. The localized nodes then become secondary anchors. The rest of the sensors are localized by PDM in the second phase. The phased approach is tested by extensive simulations. (Total words: 248) Signed King-Yip Cheng DOI: 10.5353/th_b3870018 Subjects: Sensor networks Wireless communication systems Global Positioning System
Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Mark Gary Terwilliger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks written by Mark Gary Terwilliger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Sensor networks categories.
Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Xue Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks written by Xue Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Wireless sensor networks categories.
In many applications, measured sensor data is meaningful only when the location of sensors is accurately known. Therefore, the localization accuracy is crucial. In this dissertation, both location estimation and location detection problems are considered. In location estimation problems, sensor nodes at known locations, called anchors, transmit signals to sensor nodes at unknown locations, called nodes, and use these transmissions to estimate the location of the nodes. Specifically, the location estimation in the presence of fading channels using time of arrival (TOA) measurements with narrowband communication signals is considered. Meanwhile, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for localization error under different assumptions is derived. Also, maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) under these assumptions are derived. In large WSNs, distributed location estimation algorithms are more efficient than centralized algorithms. A sequential localization scheme, which is one of distributed location estimation algorithms, is considered. Also, different localization methods, such as TOA, received signal strength (RSS), time difference of arrival (TDOA), direction of arrival (DOA), and large aperture array (LAA) are compared under different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Simulation results show that DOA is the preferred scheme at the low SNR regime and the LAA localization algorithm provides better performance for network discovery at high SNRs. Meanwhile, the CRLB for the localization error using the TOA method is also derived. A distributed location detection scheme, which allows each anchor to make a decision as to whether a node is active or not is proposed. Once an anchor makes a decision, a bit is transmitted to a fusion center (FC). The fusion center combines all the decisions and uses a design parameter $K$ to make the final decision. Three scenarios are considered in this dissertation. Firstly, location detection at a known location is considered. Secondly, detecting a node in a known region is considered. Thirdly, location detection in the presence of fading is considered. The optimal thresholds are derived and the total probability of false alarm and detection under different scenarios are derived.
Localization In Wireless Networks
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Author : Jessica Feng Sanford
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-05-03
Localization In Wireless Networks written by Jessica Feng Sanford and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In a computational tour-de-force, this volume wipes away a host of problems related to location discovery in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. WASNs have recognized potential in many applications that are location-dependent, yet are heavily constrained by factors such as cost and energy consumption. Their “ad-hoc” nature, with direct rather than mediated connections between a network of wireless devices, adds another layer of difficulty. Basing this work entirely on data-driven, coordinated algorithms, the author’s aim is to present location discovery techniques that are highly accurate—and which fit user criteria. The research deploys nonparametric statistical methods and relies on the concept of joint probability to construct error (including location error) models and environmental field models. It also addresses system issues such as the broadcast and scheduling of the beacon. Reporting an impressive accuracy gain of almost 17 percent, and organized in a clear, sequential manner, this book represents a stride forward in wireless localization.
Clustering Based Localization For Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Roger Antoniussen Slaaen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Clustering Based Localization For Wireless Sensor Networks written by Roger Antoniussen Slaaen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Sensor networks categories.
Gradient Descent Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Nuha A.S. Alwan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Gradient Descent Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks written by Nuha A.S. Alwan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Computers categories.
Meaningful information sharing between the sensors of a wireless sensor network (WSN) necessitates node localization, especially if the information to be shared is the location itself, such as in warehousing and information logistics. Trilateration and multilateration positioning methods can be employed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space respectively. These methods use distance measurements and analytically estimate the target location; they suffer from decreased accuracy and computational complexity especially in the three-dimensional case. Iterative optimization methods, such as gradient descent (GD), offer an attractive alternative and enable moving target tracking as well. This chapter focuses on positioning in three dimensions using time-of-arrival (TOA) distance measurements between the target and a number of anchor nodes. For centralized localization, a GD-based algorithm is presented for localization of moving sensors in a WSN. Our proposed algorithm is based on systematically replacing anchor nodes to avoid local minima positions which result from the moving target deviating from the convex hull of the anchors. We also propose a GD-based distributed algorithm to localize a fixed target by allowing gossip between anchor nodes. Promising results are obtained in the presence of noise and link failures compared to centralized localization. Convergence factor issues are discussed, and future work is outlined.
Development Of Novel Algorithms For Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Nuwan Rajika Kumarasiri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Development Of Novel Algorithms For Localization In Wireless Sensor Networks written by Nuwan Rajika Kumarasiri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Communication categories.
Highly accurate localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been considered as one of the most significant challenges in wireless sensor networks. Significant efforts have been made in order to uplift the solutions to this challenging problem as, localization of a signal source in a wireless sensor network is now appealing for a range of real life applications, including emergency services, navigational systems, and civil/military surveillance. For instance, a couple of seconds of delay in identifying a location of an injured victim could create life threatening situations. During the last few years, several techniques have been proposed to provide an accurate estimation of the location of an unknown sensor node. Received-signal-strength (RSS), angle-of-arrival (AOA), time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and time-of-arrival (TOA) to name a few. While these techniques are quick to produce fairly accurate location estimation, they suffer effects from non-line-of-site (NLOS) conditions, unavailability of one or more sensors, or the requirement of expensive receivers, all of which would lead to poor or no location estimation at all. Motivated by the above observations, this thesis aims to develop two novel localization algorithms for localization in WSNs. Furthermore, it suggests to use Dempster-Shafter theory as an efficient tool for localization purposes in WSNs. In this thesis two new localization schemes are proposed. One proposed algorithm for localization in WSNs simultaneously exploits received signal strength (RSS) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements. The accuracy and convergence reliability of the proposed hybrid scheme is also enhanced by incorporating RSS measurements from Wi-Fi networks via cooperative communications between Wi-Fi and sensor networks. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid positioning approach significantly outperforms each individual method. The advantages of the proposed scheme, which include providing high location accuracy, fast convergence, low complexity implementation, and low power consumption, make it an attractive localization solution via WSNs. A low cost data fusion technique for node positioning that fuses different parameters obtainable from signal measurements, such as received-signal-strength (RSS), angle, and time observations is proposed next. Such a tool enables additional network-based parameters (e.g. hop-counts, delays, etc.) to be easily incorporated to enhance the accuracy of the classification process. The proposed classifier records an improved accuracy of 83.7% from its initial 38.3% accuracy in locating the cell associated with a sensor node at low computational complexity.