Hate Crimes
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Hate Crimes
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Author : James B. Jacobs
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-12-28
Hate Crimes written by James B. Jacobs and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-28 with Social Science categories.
In the early 1980s, a new category of crime appeared in the criminal law lexicon. In response to concerted advocacy-group lobbying, Congress and many state legislatures passed a wave of "hate crime" laws requiring the collection of statistics on, and enhancing the punishment for, crimes motivated by certain prejudices. This book places the evolution of the hate crime concept in socio-legal perspective. James B. Jacobs and Kimberly Potter adopt a skeptical if not critical stance, maintaining that legal definitions of hate crime are riddled with ambiguity and subjectivity. No matter how hate crime is defined, and despite an apparent media consensus to the contrary, the authors find no evidence to support the claim that the United States is experiencing a hate crime epidemic--instead, they cast doubt on whether the number of hate crimes is even increasing. The authors further assert that, while the federal effort to establish a reliable hate crime accounting system has failed, data collected for this purpose have led to widespread misinterpretation of the state of intergroup relations in this country. The book contends that hate crime as a socio-legal category represents the elaboration of an identity politics now manifesting itself in many areas of the law. But the attempt to apply the anti-discrimination paradigm to criminal law generates problems and anomalies. For one thing, members of minority groups are frequently hate crime perpetrators. Moreover, the underlying conduct prohibited by hate crime law is already subject to criminal punishment. Jacobs and Potter question whether hate crimes are worse or more serious than similar crimes attributable to other anti-social motivations. They also argue that the effort to single out hate crime for greater punishment is, in effect, an effort to punish some offenders more seriously simply because of their beliefs, opinions, or values, thus implicating the First Amendment. Advancing a provocative argument in clear and persuasive terms, Jacobs and Potter show how the recriminalization of hate crime has little (if any) value with respect to law enforcement or criminal justice. Indeed, enforcement of such laws may exacerbate intergroup tensions rather than eradicate prejudice.
Hate Crimes
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Author : Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2010-03-11
Hate Crimes written by Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-11 with Law categories.
Who perpetrates hate crimes and why? How do hate groups recruit members? Why does so much controversy surround hate crime legislation? While hate crimes are becoming a popular area of academic study, many important questions about hate crimes remain unanswered. Hate Crimes: Causes, Controls, and Controversies addresses the many facets of hate crimes, providing a comprehensive examination of this complex problem. Author Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld explores the causes of prejudice, the history and operation of hate crime legislation, the activities of organized extremist groups, the international manifestations and solutions to hate crimes, and the consequences of hate crimes upon victims and communities. Considering a broad range of issues from a variety of perspectives, this multidisciplinary text includes the latest legal developments and cutting-edge social research.
Criminal Behavior
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Author : Jacqueline B. Helfgott
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2008-03-13
Criminal Behavior written by Jacqueline B. Helfgott and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-13 with Law categories.
This textbook provides an interdisciplinary overview of theories of crime, explanations of how and why criminal typologies are developed, literature reviews for each of the major crime catagories, and discussions of how theories of crime are used at different stages of the criminal justice process.
Handbook On Crime And Deviance
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Author : Marvin D. Krohn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-01-15
Handbook On Crime And Deviance written by Marvin D. Krohn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-15 with Social Science categories.
Encyclopedia Of Race And Crime
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Author : Helen Taylor Greene
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2009-04-14
Encyclopedia Of Race And Crime written by Helen Taylor Greene and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-14 with Law categories.
Comprehensive in nature, these two volumes cover a number of broad thematic areas including basic concepts and theories of criminal justice, juvenile justice, public policy, the media specific groups and populations, and much more.
Encyclopedia Of Women And Gender Two Volume Set
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Author : Judith Worell
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2001-09-13
Encyclopedia Of Women And Gender Two Volume Set written by Judith Worell and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-09-13 with Education categories.
Covers the psychology of women, the psychology of men, and gender differences while discussing psychological differences in personality, cognition, and behavior, as well as biologically based differences and how those differences impact behavior.
Online Misogyny As Hate Crime
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Author : Kim Barker
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-12-07
Online Misogyny As Hate Crime written by Kim Barker and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with Law categories.
The ideal of an inclusive and participatory Internet has been undermined by the rise of misogynistic abuse on social media platforms. However, limited progress has been made at national – and to an extent European – levels in addressing this issue. In England and Wales, the tackling of underlying causes of online abuse has been overlooked because the law focuses on punishment rather than measures to prevent such abuses. Furthermore, online abuse has a significant impact on its victims that is underestimated by policymakers. This volume critically analyses the legal provisions that are currently deployed to tackle forms of online misogyny, and focuses on three aspects; firstly, the phenomenon of social media abuse; secondly, the poor and disparate legal responses to social media abuses; and thirdly, the similar failings of hate crime to tackle problems of online gender-based abuses. This book advances a compelling argument for legal changes to the existing hate crime, and communications legislation.
Encyclopedia Of Victimology And Crime Prevention
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Author : Bonnie S. Fisher
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2010-02-02
Encyclopedia Of Victimology And Crime Prevention written by Bonnie S. Fisher and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-02 with Political Science categories.
Victimology and crime prevention are growing, interrelated areas cutting across several disciplines. Victimology examines victims of all sorts of criminal activity, from domestic abuse, to street violence, to victims in the workplace who lose jobs and pensions due to malfeasance by corporate executives. Crime prevention is an important companion to victimology because it offers insight and techniques to prevent situations that lead to crime and attempts to offer ideas and means for mitigating or minimizing the potential for victimization. .In many ways, the two fields have developed along parallel yet separate paths, and the literature on both has been scattered across disciplines as varied as sociology, law and criminology, public health and medicine, political science and public policy, economics, psychology and human services, and more. The Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention provides a comprehensive reference work bringing together such dispersed knowledge as it outlines and discusses the status of victims within the criminal justice system and topics of deterring and preventing victimization in the first place and responding to victims' needs. Two volumes containing approximately 375 signed entries provide users with the most authoritative and comprehensive reference resource available on victimology and crime prevention, both in terms of breadth and depth of coverage. In addition to standard entries, leading scholars in the field have contributed Anchor Essays that, in broad strokes, provide starting points for investigating the more salient victimology and crime prevention topics. A representative sampling of general topic areas covered includes: interpersonal and domestic violence, child maltreatment, and elder abuse; street violence; hate crimes and terrorism; treatment of victims by the media, courts, police, and politicians; community response to crime victims; physical design for crime prevention; victims of nonviolent crimes; deterrence and prevention; helping and counseling crime victims; international and comparative perspectives, and more.
Misogyny As Hate Crime
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Author : Irene Zempi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-08-26
Misogyny As Hate Crime written by Irene Zempi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-26 with Law categories.
Misogyny as Hate Crime explores the background, nature and consequences of misogyny as well as the legal framework and UK policy responses associated with misogyny as a form of hate crime. Taking an intersectional approach, the book looks at how experiences of misogyny may intersect with other forms of hate crime such as disablism, Islamophobia, antisemitism and transphobia. From the sexist and derogatory comments about women by former US President Donald Trump, to legislative changes in Chile and Peru making street harassment illegal, misogyny presents a challenge to scholars, practitioners, policy makers, and women globally. The increasing importance of the internet has seen misogyny move into these digital spaces but has also provided a platform for movements such as #MeToo and #TimesUp, highlighting the scale of sexual harassment and abuse. In 2016, Nottinghamshire Police in partnership with Nottingham Women’s Centre became the first force in England and Wales to record misogyny as a hate crime. Since then other police forces have introduced similar schemes to tackle misogyny. More recently, the Law Commission of England and Wales has undertaken a review of the legislation on hate crime and in their consultation paper of proposals for reform have suggested ‘adding sex or gender to the protected characteristics’. In March 2021, the Government announced that police forces in England and Wales will be required to record crimes motivated by hostility based on sex or gender from this autumn. The murder of Sarah Everard has been a ‘watershed moment’ in the Government’s response to violence against women. Sarah Everard’s kidnap and murder who went missing while walking home from a friend’s flat in South London on 3 March 2021, ignited a national conversation about violence against women. Against this background, the book speaks both to the proposed reforms of the hate crime legislation around misogyny, and the broader issues around experiences of and legal responses to misogyny. It showcases the work of leading scholars in this area alongside that of activists and practitioners, whose work has been invaluable in opening up public discussion on misogynistic hate crime and encouraging wider social change. In recognising the intersections of different forms of prejudice, the book provides an innovative contribution to these ‘hate debates’, highlighting the complexities of creating separate strands of hate crime. Providing a comprehensive understanding of the debates around inclusion of misogyny as a form of hate crime, this ground-breaking book will be of great interest to students, scholars and activists interested in gender, hate crime, feminism, criminology, law, policing and sociology.
Hate Crimes
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Author : Tamara L. Roleff
language : en
Publisher: Greenhaven Press, Incorporated
Release Date : 2001
Hate Crimes written by Tamara L. Roleff and has been published by Greenhaven Press, Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Authors debate the need for penalty enhancement laws for hate crimes, the extent and seriousness of hate crimes, and whether hate speech should be protected under the First Amendment.