Globalization And Economic Development
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Development Growth Economic Impacts Of Globalization
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Author : Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya
language : en
Publisher: IJOPEC Publication
Release Date : 2017-04-14
Development Growth Economic Impacts Of Globalization written by Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya and has been published by IJOPEC Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The growth paradigm or the economic growth generally been presented as a positive, limitless and good for social problems. The term was hardly touched in pre-capitalism by any academic research. With the rise of capitalism and industrial revolution it became an important tool to measure production quantitatively and qualitatively. Industrialisation also encouraged the expansion of trade and gradual breakdown of the pre-capitalist order in 18th century in Britain. The spread of market had facilitated the specialisation, encouraging division of labour. Whilst for The Classical Political Economists; Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus; economic growth is self-reinforcing. Marx pointed out importance of forces and relations of production and significance of social classes within it (Marx, 1863). Smith, Ricardo and Malthus were writing at a time when capitalist development was expanding fast and growth was a central in the process. The gradual impact of the West on the rest of world became part of a wider process of change in the World Economy. European capital increased its domination of the world trade through expansionist commercial policies (Wallerstein, 1979). The economic growth encouraged commerce. The necessity to export, and other technological changes formed part of the reason for the decline of feudalism. This transition from feudalism to capitalism began in the West and soon made an impact on the rest of the World. T Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya (Development & Growth: Economic Impacts of Globalization) 12 In 1932 Simon Kuznets, the US economist identified Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to measure the national output of a country within a period. It has continued to be an important indicator to measure economic growth, but it has also been under considerable criticisms. For example; GDP treats resources as income without excluding depletion or depression of the resources. Moreover, GDP has been criticised for disregarding income distribution. Despite all the criticism, GDP has been the most significant indicator of growth and development. With the Post War-II reconstruction of devastated countries and in order to kick-start the World Economy, the state in both developed and developing counties became the important agency to facilitate economic growth. The establishment of the Bretton Woods institutions, the Keynesian model of government intervention and the US implementation of “New Deal” facilitated growth. This was deliberate strategy to reconstruct and create networks of international cooperation. This was pointed out by President Truman in 1949: A program of development based on the concepts of democratic fair-dealing. All countries, including our own, will greatly benefit from a constructive program for the better use of the World's human and natural resources (Truman, 1949). This meant the reinforcement and need to distribute the 'Benefits' of capitalist form of development, more widely, against the planned economy sustained by the Soviet Union. The economist such as Joseph Schumpeter pointed to the possibility that capitalist growth, if it is sustained, could abolish poverty (Schumpeter, 1954, pp66-68). Whilst development meant rapid industrialisation, GDP became a key policy objective for the policy makers and governments around the world, not just in the Soviet Union but the Western Capitalist World, to set targets for their Growth Rate. The end of the Cold War in the 1980s, for some, meant triumph of Neoliberal Capitalism. The others talked of trade liberalization; free movement of capital and the development of information technology, facilitating the relocation of businesses across the world. (Ohmae, 1995). Friedman suggested that globalization is the Inevitable; Integration of markets, nation-states and technologies ... enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states, to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before (Friedman, 1999). Development & Growth: Economic Impact of Globalization (Edited by: Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya) 13 Francis Fukuyama (1992) suggested the new era as ‘The End of History’ through which the ‘Liberal Idea’ triumphed, leading to a new global hegemony. For Fukuyama the only route to modernity, growth and development is the Neo-liberal Democratic path under Global Capitalism. This optimism was not shared by all academics, as Globalization produced poor growth and polarization of wealth: what Collier terms the ‘Bottom one Billion’ (2008). As a result, there has been major criticism of the World Bank and the International Monetary Funds in the second half of the 1990s, especially with the Asian financial and economic crises. The response from these institutions has been vigorous. They continued to believe that liberalization, deregulation, and privatization represent the best way forward for growth and development. With 2008 world recession the World Economy has faced a new challenge. The emergence of powerful economies such as; China, India and Brazil; helped the world economy to grow, at least for now. However, the unevenness of the world economy continues to cause difficulties especially the US as they feeling the threat of their competitors such as China, Germany and even India. The victory of Donald Trump as the S President has represented an ideological shift from free trade advocator of global capitalism to a mixture of right-wing populism. Before and after the presidential election, he called for the revival of the American economy, which has been under considerable pressure since 2008 World Recession. In order to prove growth rate Trump has a huge challenge ahead, not least to deal with the competition from South East Asian economies, especially China. It remains to be seen whether the new US administration will continue with their populist rhetoric In this book, “Economic Impacts of Globalization: Growth & Development”, several academicians provide different analysis of economic growth and economic development. The scientific ethics and responsibility of the works in the book belong to the authors / writers. The book compromises of 15 chapters focusing on economic growth and economic development in the era of globalisation. By taking different angles, they demonstrate different problems and solutions.
Economic Development In A Globalized Environment
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Author : Henry Y. Wan Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-28
Economic Development In A Globalized Environment written by Henry Y. Wan Jr. and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Is the East Asian growth record replicable today? This book answers: yes. It places the common East Asian theme in the theoretic context of product cycles, globalization and convergence and the historical perspective of the "German Miracle" after World War II, also the more recent Irish growth; it identifies the effective policies for sustained, rapid growth by structured comparisons among different economies; it evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the alternative policy packages of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, in the light of such recent events like global trend for liberalization, and the Crises of 1997 and 2001. Economic Development in a Globalized Environment also scrutinizes the major debates in development economics, using documented cases, and analytic reasoning for support.
Globalization And Economic Development
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Author : Servaas Storm
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2001
Globalization And Economic Development written by Servaas Storm and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Business & Economics categories.
Globalization is widely regarded as a means not only of ensuring efficiency and growth, but also of achieving equity and development for those countries operating in the global economy. The book argues that this perception of globalization as the road to development has lost its lustre. The experience of the 1990s belied expectation of the gains, such as faster growth and reduced poverty, which could be achieved through closer integration in the world economy. The authors demonstrate that the downside of globalization for developing countries has proved to be far greater than is generally accepted. Based on empirical facts and sound economic reasoning, they arrive at a non-conventional interpretation of the impact of globalisation on the development process of poor countries and propose policy alternatives to the standard 'Washington consensus'. On the external front, they find that developing countries need to actively manage their integration into the global economy if they are to overcome the imbalances and instabilities associated with international flows of goods and capital and be capable of pursuing broad based and equitable economic development. Domestically, they show that such development can often be achieved by deviating from, rather than adhering to, the 'Washington consensus' (fiscal and other) policy norms. The distinguished group of contributors have produced a provocative book which is a substantial contribution to the debate on globalization. It will appeal to development economists in particular, and economists in general who like to question contemporary economic reasoning.
Globalisation Economic Development The Role Of The State
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Author : Ha-Joon Chang
language : en
Publisher: Zed Books
Release Date : 2003-07
Globalisation Economic Development The Role Of The State written by Ha-Joon Chang and has been published by Zed Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Ha-Joon Chang evaluates the role of the state in economics and development. In this collection of essays, he reviews theories and practices of state intervention as they have developed over two centuries of modern capitalism. He develops an institutionalist approach to the role of the state in economic change, and examines the issues involved in particular settings including industrial policy, trade policy, intellectual property rights, regulation, and strategies towards transnational corporations. He mounts a sophisticated theoretical and historical case for the continuing essential and constructive roles which the state can and must play in economic development.
Emerging States And Economies
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Author : Takashi Shiraishi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-19
Emerging States And Economies written by Takashi Shiraishi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-19 with Political Science categories.
This open access book asks why and how some of the developing countries have “emerged” under a set of similar global conditions, what led individual countries to choose the particular paths that led to their “emergence,” and what challenges confront them. If we are to understand the nature of major risks and uncertainties in the world, we must look squarely at the political and economic dynamics of emerging states, such as China, India, Brazil, Russia, and ASEAN countries. Their rapid economic development has changed the distribution of wealth and power in the world. Yet many of them have middle income status. To global governance issues, they tend to adopt approaches that differ from those of advanced industrialized democracies. At home, rapid economic growth and social changes put pressure on their institutions to change. This volume traces the historical trajectories of two major emerging states, China and India, and two city states, Hong Kong and Singapore. It also analyzes cross-country data to find the general patterns of economic development and sociopolitical change in relation to globalization and to the middle income trap.
Globalization And Economic Nationalism In Asia
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Author : Anthony P. D'Costa
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press (UK)
Release Date : 2012-06-14
Globalization And Economic Nationalism In Asia written by Anthony P. D'Costa and has been published by Oxford University Press (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-14 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume documents the ways in which Asian governments have been pursuing economic nationalism. It challenges the view that globalization renders the state redundant and demonstrates how they shape trade, investment and financial outcomes. Countries covered include India, China, South Korea, Singapore, Japan and the East Asian region.
Globalization Economic Development And Inequality
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Author : Erik S. Reinert
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2007-01-01
Globalization Economic Development And Inequality written by Erik S. Reinert and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
"Members of the anti-globalization movement will find the explanations given in this book insightful, as will employees of international organizations due to the important policy messages. The theoretical interest within the book will appeal to development economists and evolutionary economists, and policymakers and politicians will find the explanations of the present failure of many small nations in the periphery invaluable."--BOOK JACKET.
Globalization Economic Development And The Role Of The State
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Author : Ha-Joon Chang
language : en
Publisher: Zed Books
Release Date : 2004-03-04
Globalization Economic Development And The Role Of The State written by Ha-Joon Chang and has been published by Zed Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Ha-Joon Chang evaluates the role of the state in economics and development. In this collection of essays, he reviews theories and practices of state intervention as they have developed over two centuries of modern capitalism. He develops an institutionalist approach to the role of the state in economic change, and examines the issues involved in particular settings including industrial policy, trade policy, intellectual property rights, regulation, and strategies towards transnational corporations. He mounts a sophisticated theoretical and historical case for the continuing essential and constructive roles which the state can and must play in economic development.
Growth And Development In The Global Economy
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Author : Harry Bloch
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2003
Growth And Development In The Global Economy written by Harry Bloch and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
What are the forces behind the increasing globalization of economic life? How does globalization affect the functioning of national economies? What difficulties confront government policymakers in dealing with the global economy? These issues are addressed in this volume by leading specialists. The contributors present a range of unique and varied perspectives from which they consider aspects of the increasing integration of economic life, exploring implications for the functioning of domestic markets in a rapidly changing global economy. The result is a collection of insights that provide a framework for understanding globalization as an economic phenomenon. The determinants of national economic growth within this global context, and the way in which national governments and international organizations can best achieve growth and development without instability and widening inequality are also discussed. The book will appeal to economists and national and international policymakers interested in novel approaches to analysing the impact of globalization.
Globalization Economic Growth And Innovation Dynamics
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Author : Paul J.J. Welfens
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1999-10-19
Globalization Economic Growth And Innovation Dynamics written by Paul J.J. Welfens and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-19 with Business & Economics categories.
In the new global economy, more countries have opened up to international competition and rapid capital flows. However, in the triad the process of globalization is rather asymmetric. With a rising role of multinational companies there are favorable prospects for higher global growth and economic catching-up, respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests key ingredients of sustained growth, but there is also a new concept of a long-term equilibrium income gap in which convergence is rather unlikely. The analysis also picks up European and US labor market issues in the context of economic globalization and raises the question of which EU policies in the field of labor market reform and of innovation policies are adequate.