Expert Systems And Case Law
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Expert Systems And Case Law
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Author : Uri J. Schild
language : en
Publisher: Ellis Horwood
Release Date : 1992
Expert Systems And Case Law written by Uri J. Schild and has been published by Ellis Horwood this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Computers categories.
Detailing the difficulties of building expert systems for case law, this study examines two actual, implemented systems and describes how they provide only a partial answer to the problem. The author suggests areas where there could be considerable improvements.
Shyster A Pragmatic Legal Expert System
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Author : James Popple
language : en
Publisher: Australian National Univ.
Release Date : 1993-04-29
Shyster A Pragmatic Legal Expert System written by James Popple and has been published by Australian National Univ. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-04-29 with Computers categories.
Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. But the utility of a legal expert system lies not in the extent to which it simulates a lawyer’s approach to a legal problem, but in the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary: a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. Some researchers have based their systems upon a jurisprudential approach to the law, yet lawyers are patently able to operate without any jurisprudential insight. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to that which one might get from a lawyer, so it should operate at the same pragmatic level of abstraction as does a lawyer—not at the more philosophical level of jurisprudence. A legal expert system called SHYSTER has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. SHYSTER has a simple representation structure which simplifies the problem of knowledge acquisition. Yet this structure is complex enough for SHYSTER to produce useful advice. SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system (although it has been designed so that it can be linked with a rule-based system to form a hybrid legal expert system). Its advice is based upon an examination of, and an argument about, the similarities and differences between cases. SHYSTER attempts to model the way in which lawyers argue with cases, but it does not attempt to model the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in those arguments. Instead, it employs statistical techniques to quantify the similarity between cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. SHYSTER is of a general design: it can provide advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specification language. Hence, it can operate in different legal domains. Four different, and disparate, areas of law have been specified for SHYSTER, and its operation has been tested in each of those domains. Testing of SHYSTER in these four domains indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. SHYSTER demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.
International Workshop Expert Systems Their Applications
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
International Workshop Expert Systems Their Applications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Expert systems (Computer science) categories.
Expert Systems In Law
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Author : Antonio Anselmo Martino
language : en
Publisher: North Holland
Release Date : 1992
Expert Systems In Law written by Antonio Anselmo Martino and has been published by North Holland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Computers categories.
Informatics is a cross-roads of disciplines, but it is also a forge for implementations that are transforming our society because they are transforming all forms of production. Law is, without a doubt, a very important social application domain of informatics. In the volume presented here, legal knowledge is considered mainly from the lawyer's point of view while taking into account the implementation of expert systems. It is a review of the best known theories of the representation of legal orders and systems in the light of the possibility of using more advanced computer tools. A solution to the problem of how to represent legal knowledge in such a way that it can be used by the inference engine of an expert system for making calculations and arriving at consequences is also proposed.
A Hybrid Legal Expert System
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Author : Thomas A O'Callaghan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
A Hybrid Legal Expert System written by Thomas A O'Callaghan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Legal expert systems are the nexus of Artificial Intelligence and the law. A legal expert system is "a system capable of performing at a level expected of a lawyer" [Popple 1996, page 3]. Legal expert systems may be designed for use by legally trained people or for use by the general public ("lay-people"). Legal expert systems designed for use by legally trained people aim to provide a method of speeding-up the provision, and improving the accuracy, of legal research undertaken with the aim of advising the client. Designed for use by legally trained people, these systems may assume general legal knowledge. Consequently the questions asked by the system and the reports returned may be stated at a level appropriate for legally trained people. The primary benefit of this category of legal expert system is the reduction of internal cost of legal research. The flow-on benefits for clients reductions in the cost of legal services and consequently improved access to quality representation, and reduction of the time taken to resolve a legal question. Legal expert systems designed for use by lay-people aim to provide greater access to the law. This category of legal expert system is more difficult to create because no legal knowledge by the user can be assumed. The discovery of the facts of the case becomes problematic [Susskind 2001]. More research is required in the area of fact elicitation before such systems become viable. Once they are viable, access to the law should be dramatically improved. A consequential benefit may be a reduction in litigation, as potential litigants could settle their dispute by reference to the advice of a legal expert system. However, such a system would raise an important ethical question -- the creators of such a system may be usurping the role of the courts in that the public may come to rely on the statements by the system as "what the law is". SHYSTER-MYCIN is the legal expert system created for and discussed in this thesis. SHYSTER-MYCIN combines rule-based reasoning with case-based reasoning. The system is designed as the first category of legal expert systems described above: a legal expert system to be consulted by legally trained people. This hybrid system enables the case-based reasoner to determine open-textured concepts when required by the rule-based reasoner, MYCIN. The system operates on a reduced version of the Copyright Act 1968, including cases that define the term "authorization" (see Chapter 2). The Act is reasoned by a system of rules. Whereas cases are reasoned by analogy. This approach is supported by jurisprudential discussions on legal reasoning (see Chapter 3). The system was created in three progressive versions (Chapter 5). The focus of the creation of the system was the reporting of reasons for conclusions. The second and third versions were tested against three criteria: validity, conciseness and correctness (see Chapter 6). The system performed well (see Chapter 7) against those criteria, indicating that the approach taken is appropriate: that is, it is appropriate to use rules to reason with statutes and analogy to reason with cases.
Research And Development In Expert Systems
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Author : British Computer Society. Specialist Group on Expert Systems. Technical Conference
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Research And Development In Expert Systems written by British Computer Society. Specialist Group on Expert Systems. Technical Conference and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Expert systems (Computer science) categories.
The Cri Directory Of Expert Systems
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Author : Godfrey Smart
language : en
Publisher: Information Today
Release Date : 1986
The Cri Directory Of Expert Systems written by Godfrey Smart and has been published by Information Today this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Computers categories.
This directory describes the current state-of-the-art and capabilities of expert systems technology, by giving a brief description of every expert system about which details have been published in English. This directory is a survey of those expert systems designed or developed so far for real world domains.
Database And Expert Systems Applications
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Author : Vladimír Mařík
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1993
Database And Expert Systems Applications written by Vladimír Mařík and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Computers categories.
"This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA), held in Prague, Czech Republic, in September 1993. Traditionally the objective of the DEXA conferences is to serve as an international forum for the discussion and exchange of research results and practical experinece among theoreticians and professionals working in the field of database and artificial intelligence technologies. Despite the fact that in the conference title the applications aspect is mentioned explicitly, the theoretical and the practical points of view in the field are well-balanced in the program of DEXA'93. The growing importance of the conference series is outlined by the remarkably high number of 269 submissions and by the support given by renown organizations. DEXA'93 is held for the first time outside the former GDR in an East-European country, and is essentially contributing to the advancement of the East-West scientific cooperation in the field of database and AI systems. This proceedings contains the 78 contributed papers carefully selected by an international program committee with thesupport of a high number of subreferees. The volume is organized in sectionson data models, distributed databases, advanced database aspects, database optimization and performance evaluation, spatial and geographic databases, expert systems and knowledge engineering, legal systems, other database and artificial intelligence applications, software engineering, and hypertext/hypermedia and user interfaces."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE
Informatica E Diritto
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Informatica E Diritto written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Information storage and retrieval systems categories.
Computers And Law
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Computers And Law written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Information storage and retrieval systems categories.