Communities And Ecosystems
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Communities And Ecosystems
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Author : Robert H. Whittaker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Communities And Ecosystems written by Robert H. Whittaker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with categories.
Communities And Ecosystems
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Author : David A. Wardle
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2013-02-15
Communities And Ecosystems written by David A. Wardle and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-15 with Science categories.
Most of the earth's terrestrial species live in the soil. These organisms, which include many thousands of species of fungi and nematodes, shape aboveground plant and animal life as well as our climate and atmosphere. Indeed, all terrestrial ecosystems consist of interdependent aboveground and belowground compartments. Despite this, aboveground and belowground ecology have been conducted largely in isolation. This book represents the first major synthesis to focus explicitly on the connections between aboveground and belowground subsystems--and their importance for community structure and ecosystem functioning. David Wardle integrates a vast body of literature from numerous fields--including population ecology, ecosystem ecology, ecophysiology, ecological theory, soil science, and global-change biology--to explain the key conceptual issues relating to how aboveground and belowground communities affect one another and the processes that each component carries out. He then applies these concepts to a host of critical questions, including the regulation and function of biodiversity as well as the consequences of human-induced global change in the form of biological invasions, extinctions, atmospheric carbon-dioxide enrichment, nitrogen deposition, land-use change, and global warming. Through ambitious theoretical synthesis and a tremendous range of examples, Wardle shows that the key biotic drivers of community and ecosystem properties involve linkages between aboveground and belowground food webs, biotic interaction, the spatial and temporal dynamics of component organisms, and, ultimately, the ecophysiological traits of those organisms that emerge as ecological drivers. His conclusions will propel theoretical and empirical work throughout ecology.
Communities And Ecosystems
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Author : Robert Harding Whittaker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Communities And Ecosystems written by Robert Harding Whittaker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Science categories.
Introduction; Populations; Community structure and composition; Communities and environments; Production; Nutrient circulation; Pollution; Conclusion.
Individual Based Models And Approaches In Ecology
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Author : D. L. DeAngelis
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-18
Individual Based Models And Approaches In Ecology written by D. L. DeAngelis and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-18 with Mathematics categories.
Until fairly recently, populations were handled as homogenized averages, which made modeling feasible but which ignored the essential fact that in any population there is a great variety of individuals of different ages, sizes, and degrees of fitness. Recently, because of the increased availability of affordable computer power, approaches have been developed which are able to recognize individual differences. Individual-based models are of great use in the areas of aquatic ecology, terrestrial ecology, landscape or physiological ecology, terrestrial ecology, landscape or physiological ecology, and agriculture. This book discusses which biological problems individual-based models can solve, as well as the models' inherent limitations. It explores likely future directions of theoretical development in these models, as well as currently feasible management applications and the best mathematical approaches and computer languages to use. The book also details specific applications to theory and management.
The Theory Of Ecological Communities
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Author : Mark Vellend
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2016-09-06
The Theory Of Ecological Communities written by Mark Vellend and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-06 with Science categories.
A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology—understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time—is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole. Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory—selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation—and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities. Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.
Individual Based Models And Approaches In Ecology
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Author : Donald DeAngelis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1992-08-06
Individual Based Models And Approaches In Ecology written by Donald DeAngelis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-08-06 with Science categories.
Community Ecology
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Author : Peter J. Morin
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-06-09
Community Ecology written by Peter J. Morin and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-09 with Science categories.
All life on earth occurs in natural assemblages called communities. Community ecology is the study of patterns and processes involving these collections of two or more species. Communities are typically studied using a diversity of techniques, including observations of natural history, statistical descriptions of natural patterns, laboratory and field experiments, and mathematical modelling. Community patterns arise from a complex assortment of processes including competition, predation, mutualism, indirect effects, habitat selection, which result in the most complex biological entities on earth – including iconic systems such as rain forests and coral reefs. This book introduces the reader to a balanced coverage of concepts and theories central to community ecology, using examples drawn from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems, and focusing on animal, plant, and microbial species. The historical development of key concepts is described using descriptions of classic studies, while examples of exciting new developments in recent studies are used to point toward future advances in our understanding of community organization. Throughout, there is an emphasis on the crucial interplay between observations, experiments, and mathematical models. This second updated edition is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and established scientists who seek a broad overview of community ecology. The book has developed from a course in community ecology that has been taught by the author since 1983. Figures and tables can be downloaded for free from www.wiley.com/go/morin/communityecology
Ecosystem Management
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Author : Gary Meffe
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date : 2012-08-31
Ecosystem Management written by Gary Meffe and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-31 with Nature categories.
Today's natural resource managers must be able to navigate among the complicated interactions and conflicting interests of diverse stakeholders and decisionmakers. Technical and scientific knowledge, though necessary, are not sufficient. Science is merely one component in a multifaceted world of decision making. And while the demands of resource management have changed greatly, natural resource education and textbooks have not. Until now. Ecosystem Management represents a different kind of textbook for a different kind of course. It offers a new and exciting approach that engages students in active problem solving by using detailed landscape scenarios that reflect the complex issues and conflicting interests that face today's resource managers and scientists. Focusing on the application of the sciences of ecology and conservation biology to real-world concerns, it emphasizes the intricate ecological, socioeconomic, and institutional matrix in which natural resource management functions, and illustrates how to be more effective in that challenging arena. Each chapter is rich with exercises to help facilitate problem-based learning. The main text is supplemented by boxes and figures that provide examples, perspectives, definitions, summaries, and learning tools, along with a variety of essays written by practitioners with on-the-ground experience in applying the principles of ecosystem management. Accompanying the textbook is an instructor's manual that provides a detailed overview of the book and specific guidance on designing a course around it. Download the manual here. Ecosystem Management grew out of a training course developed and presented by the authors for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at its National Training Center in Shepherdstown, West Virginia. In 20 offerings to more than 600 natural resource professionals, the authors learned a great deal about what is needed to function successfully as a professional resource manager. The book offers important insights and a unique perspective dervied from that invaluable experience.
Ecological Communities
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Author : Donald R. Strong Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2014-07-14
Ecological Communities written by Donald R. Strong Jr. and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-14 with Science categories.
This work is the first to focus systematically on a much-debated topic: the conceptual issues of community ecology, including the nature of evidence in ecology, the role of experiments, attempts to disprove hypotheses, and the value of negative evidence in the discipline. Originally published in 1984. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Soil Biological Communities And Ecosystem Resilience
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Author : Martin Lukac
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Soil Biological Communities And Ecosystem Resilience written by Martin Lukac and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Agriculture categories.