Arguments About Arguments
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Arguments About Arguments
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Author : Maurice A. Finocchiaro
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-07-25
Arguments About Arguments written by Maurice A. Finocchiaro and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-25 with Philosophy categories.
This book brings together essays by one of the pre-eminent scholars of informal logic.
The Fundamentals Of Argument Analysis
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Author : Richard L Epstein
language : en
Publisher: Advanced Reasoning Forum
Release Date : 2018-11-05
The Fundamentals Of Argument Analysis written by Richard L Epstein and has been published by Advanced Reasoning Forum this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-05 with Philosophy categories.
This series of books presents the fundamentals of logic in a style accessible to both students and scholars. The text of each essay presents a story, the main line of development of the ideas, while the notes and appendices place the research within a larger scholarly context. The essays overlap, forming a unified analysis of logic as the art of reasoning well, yet each essay is designed so that it may be read independently. The question addressed in this volume is how we can justify our beliefs through reasoning. The first essay, "Arguments," investigates what it is that we call true or false and how we reason toward truths through arguments. A general theory of argument analysis is set out on the basis of what we can assume about those with whom we reason. The next essay, "Fallacies," explains how the classification of an argument as a fallacy can be used within that general approach. In contrast, there is no agreement on what the terms "induction" and "deduction" mean, and they are not useful in evaluating arguments, as shown in "Induction and Deduction." In reasoning to truths, in the end we must take some claims as basic, not requiring any justification for accepting them. How we choose those claims and how they affect our reasoning is examined in "Base Claims." The essay "Analogies" considers how comparisons can be used as the basis of arguments, arguing from similar situations to similar conclusions. An important use of analogies is in reasoning about the mental life of other people and things, which is examined in "Subjective Claims," written with Fred Kroon and William S. Robinson. "Generalizing" examines how to argue from part of a collection or mass to the whole or a larger part. The question there is whether we are ever justified in accepting such an argument as good. "Probabilities" sets out the three main ways probability statements have been interpreted: the logical relation view, the frequency view, and the subjective degree of belief view. Each of those is shown to be inadequate to make precise the scale of plausibility of claims and the scale of the likelihood of a possibility. Many discussions of how to reason well and what counts as good reason are given in terms of who or what is rational. In the final essay, "Rationality," it's shown that what we mean by the idea of someone being rational is of very little use in evaluating reasoning or actions. This volume is meant to give a clearer idea of how to reason well, setting out methods of evaluation that are motivated in terms of our abilities and interests. At the ground of our reasoning, though, are metaphysical assumptions, too basic and too much needed in our reasoning for us to justify them through reasoning. But we can try to uncover those assumptions to see how they are important and what depends on them.
Arguments And Arguing
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Author : Thomas A. Hollihan
language : en
Publisher: Waveland Press
Release Date : 2004-11-08
Arguments And Arguing written by Thomas A. Hollihan and has been published by Waveland Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-08 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The primary focus of the updated, second edition has not changedit embraces the narrative or storytelling approach to the study of argumentation. The first section introduces readers to rhetorical theorists and their principles. These significant contributions to the field of argumentation and debate include Aristotles views on audiences and the ethical character of an advocate, Burkes dramatistic theory of communication, Brockriedes metaphorical image of arguers, Fishers narrative paradigm, Mills guidelines for testing the causal correlation, Perelman and Obrechts-Tytecas conception of a universal audience, Rokeachs definition of values, and Toulmins model for developing and analyzing argument claims and his conception of arguments as field dependent. Hollihan and Baaskes discussions of these ideas and their applications are easy to follow, unencumbered by technical jargon, and illustrated with engaging examples drawn from current and well-known historical events. The key to the success of this text is the authors ability to show readers how foundational principles of argumentation are used in a variety of real-world situations. The second section covers specialized contexts such as academic debates, courts of law, politics, business and organizations, and interpersonal relationships. Activities that stimulate critical thinking and the implementation of the ideas discussed are provided at the end of each chapter.
Understanding Arguments
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Author : Robert J. Fogelin
language : en
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt P
Release Date : 1982
Understanding Arguments written by Robert J. Fogelin and has been published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt P this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Philosophy categories.
Bad Arguments
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Author : Robert Arp
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-09-28
Bad Arguments written by Robert Arp and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-28 with Philosophy categories.
A timely and accessible guide to 100 of the most infamous logical fallacies in Western philosophy, helping readers avoid and detect false assumptions and faulty reasoning You’ll love this book or you’ll hate it. So, you’re either with us or against us. And if you’re against us then you hate books. No true intellectual would hate this book. Ever decide to avoid a restaurant because of one bad meal? Choose a product because a celebrity endorsed it? Or ignore what a politician says because she’s not a member of your party? For as long as people have been discussing, conversing, persuading, advocating, proselytizing, pontificating, or otherwise stating their case, their arguments have been vulnerable to false assumptions and faulty reasoning. Drawing upon a long history of logical falsehoods and philosophical flubs, Bad Arguments demonstrates how misguided arguments come to be, and what we can do to detect them in the rhetoric of others and avoid using them ourselves. Fallacies—or conclusions that don’t follow from their premise—are at the root of most bad arguments, but it can be easy to stumble into a fallacy without realizing it. In this clear and concise guide to good arguments gone bad, Robert Arp, Steven Barbone, and Michael Bruce take readers through 100 of the most infamous fallacies in Western philosophy, identifying the most common missteps, pitfalls, and dead-ends of arguments gone awry. Whether an instance of sunk costs, is ought, affirming the consequent, moving the goal post, begging the question, or the ever-popular slippery slope, each fallacy engages with examples drawn from contemporary politics, economics, media, and popular culture. Further diagrams and tables supplement entries and contextualize common errors in logical reasoning. At a time in our world when it is crucial to be able to identify and challenge rhetorical half-truths, this bookhelps readers to better understand flawed argumentation and develop logical literacy. Unrivaled in its breadth of coverage and a worthy companion to its sister volume Just the Arguments (2011), Bad Arguments is an essential tool for undergraduate students and general readers looking to hone their critical thinking and rhetorical skills.
A Rulebook For Arguments
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Author : Anthony Weston
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
A Rulebook For Arguments written by Anthony Weston and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The Logic Of Real Arguments
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Author : Alec Fisher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
The Logic Of Real Arguments written by Alec Fisher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
Argumentation
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Author : John P. Nordin
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-05-31
Argumentation written by John P. Nordin and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-31 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This extensively updated second edition provides a comprehensive introduction to argumentation skills for undergraduates. Clearly written, with minimal technical jargon, the book features many contemporary real-world examples. Through a unique conceptual framework, students will learn how to assemble a coherent logical argument, assess sources, and organize and present written and verbal arguments. The authors use the Toulmin model throughout to present issues and clarify concepts and have expanded the model to show how it can be used to examine real-world arguments. This new edition provides a deeper focus on value claims and credibility. It also shows students how to assess fake news, misinformation, and post-truth and incorporates more social scientific theories of persuasion such as the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Argumentation: Keeping Faith with Reason is an ideal textbook for undergraduate courses in argumentation, persuasion, critical thinking, and informal logic. An Instructor’s Manual including advice on how to teach each section, sample quizzes, and additional examples is available at https://routledge.com/9781032541228.
Making Arguments
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Author : Edmond H. Weiss
language : en
Publisher: eBookIt.com
Release Date : 2012-04-24
Making Arguments written by Edmond H. Weiss and has been published by eBookIt.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Making Arguments: Reason in Context offers a new approach to the teaching of argumentation and debate. Nearly all argumentation courses and textbooks tilt toward one of two extremes: * Critical thinking/informal logic, in which the "laws" of reasoning are universal and not affected by audience or context * Public speaking, in which adaptation to the audience and winning assent trumps logic and reasoning At the first extreme are texts that stress flaws in arguments and how to discern them. Their focus tends to be on the logic (making deductive inferences and avoiding deductive mistakes or other errors of inference) and/or the recognition of fallacies (deficient or fake arguments). They also deal with the messy ambiguities of language. Generally, this approach omits the concept of an audience. And it does not explain how spotting the flaws in reasoning, or improving one's reasoning, translates into the ability to make an effective argument. Further, it is not clear how to address audiences whose grasp of logic is shaky. At the other extreme are books (especially public speaking textbooks) that err in the opposite direction. They are fixated on audience. As a result, their advice about how to argue is grounded in audience adaptation. In fact, the process of reasoning is nearly subordinated to such secondary considerations as style, delivery, and organization. And again, the connection between critical thinking/logic and audience is rarely examined. In Making Arguments, we propose to consider argument at the nexus of invention and judgment, the two endpoints from which logic and public speaking examine argumentation, respectively. By looking at the "stuff" that comes between an argument's design and its delivery, we hope to enrich the understanding and the study of argument, as both a theoretical and applied discipline. In particular, we want to answer some questions that are seldom addressed in print: * What is the starting point for augmentation? When do we even need to argue? * When should one embrace, and when should one avoid, arguing? * Why does the same argument work in one place and fail in another? * Are most audiences capable of understanding a complex argument? * With what authority can one make an argument--absent expertise in the field in which the argument takes place? * Are there substantive differences between oral and written argument? * What does it mean to "present" an argument? * Can someone control the argumentative situation/context to the benefit of his/her position? * How can argument educate and improve the arguer? * Can we learn the "truth" by arguing? This book addresses the whole advocacy process as a series of concatenated intellectual decisions affecting how arguments are created, ordered, rendered, and produced--with judgment as the over-arching concern.
Fundamentals Of Critical Argumentation
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Author : Douglas Walton
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-10-31
Fundamentals Of Critical Argumentation written by Douglas Walton and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-31 with Philosophy categories.
Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation presents the basic tools for the identification, analysis, and evaluation of common arguments for beginners. The book teaches by using examples of arguments in dialogues, both in the text itself and in the exercises. Examples of controversial legal, political, and ethical arguments are analyzed. Illustrating the most common kinds of arguments, the book also explains how to evaluate each kind by critical questioning. Douglas Walton shows how arguments can be reasonable under the right dialogue conditions by using critical questions to evaluate them. The book teaches by example, both in the text itself and in exercises, but it is based on methods that have been developed through the author's thirty years of research in argumentation studies.