Explanations

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Explanation Patterns

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Author : R. P. Schank
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-08-21

Explanation Patterns written by R. P. Schank and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-21 with Psychology categories.

First Published in 1986. In the age of the computer, conjecture about things mechanical has naturally led to the question of whether machines can think. As the emphasis on Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown rapidly, questions about machine intelligence have begun to have a certain urgency. The question we are concerned with in this book is: If we can find a set of processes that machines can slavishly follow, and if by so doing, these machines can come up with creative thoughts, what would that tell us about human beings? If the machine's procedure was adapted from a human procedure, that is, if all the machine was doing was what we know people are doing, would we abandon our inherent skepticism about the abilities of machines, or would we demystify our inherent admiration for things human? In a sense, these are the issues dealt with in this book. The author says in a sense because this book is no way a philosophical treatise. Rather it is an exercise in Artificial Intelligence and in Cognitive Science, it is an attempt to come to understand one of the most complex problems of mind by examining some of the mechanisms of mind: to define the apparatus that underlies our ability to think.

Agency And Causal Explanation In Economics

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Author : Peter Róna
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-07

Agency And Causal Explanation In Economics written by Peter Róna and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-07 with Philosophy categories.

This open access book provides an exploration of the consequences of the ontological differences between natural and social objects (sometimes described as objects of nature and objects of thought) in the workings of causal and agency relationships. One of its important and possibly original conclusions is that causal and agency relationships do not encompass all of the dependent relationships encountered in social life. The idea that social reality is contingent has been known (and largely undisputed) at least since Wittgenstein’s “On Certainty”, but social science, and most notably economics has continued to operate on the basis of causal and agency theories borrowed or adapted from the natural sciences. This volume contains essays that retain and justify the partial or qualified use of this approach and essays that totally reject any use of causal and agency theory built on determined facts (closed systems).The rejection is based on the possibly original claim that, whereas causation in the objects of the natural sciences reside in their properties, human action is a matter of intentionality. It engages with critical realist theory and re-examines the role of free will in theories of human action in general and economic theory in particular.

Science Explanation And Rationality

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Author : James H. Fetzer
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-12-07

Science Explanation And Rationality written by James H. Fetzer and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-07 with Philosophy categories.

Carl G. Hempel exerted greater influence upon philosophers of science than any other figure during the 20th century. In this far-reaching collection, distinguished philosophers contribute valuable studies that illuminate and clarify the central problems to which Hempel was devoted. The essays enhance our understanding of the development of logical empiricism as the major intellectual influence for scientifically-oriented philosophers and philosophically-minded scientists of the 20th century.

Understanding Explanation And Scientific Knowledge

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Author : Kareem Khalifa
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-05

Understanding Explanation And Scientific Knowledge written by Kareem Khalifa and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-05 with Philosophy categories.

The first comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of understanding, addressing burgeoning debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.

Theory And Explanation In Geography

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Author : Henry Wai-chung Yeung
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-08-15

Theory And Explanation In Geography written by Henry Wai-chung Yeung and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-15 with Social Science categories.

THEORY AND EXPLANATION IN GEOGRAPHY "With this book Henry Yeung puts Geography back into the driver's seat of new theory development. Foregrounding mid-range theories and mechanism-based explanations, he offers a pragmatic approach that has the capacity to shape the wider social sciences for years to come. The timing of this intervention is pitch-perfect, as scholars search for ways to understand and intervene in an increasingly distrustful and polarized world." —KATHARYNE MITCHELL, Distinguished Professor, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA "In Theory and Explanation in Geography Yeung presents us with a rare thing - an argument for geographical theory with forms of causal explanation at its heart. The book is both modest and ambitious. Modest in its insistence on mid-level theory without a call for some new “turn” or advocacy for any particular approach. Ambitious in its insistence that existing theoretical traditions are inadequate or incomplete insofar as they lack causal explanatory power. Geographers will be inspired and/or infuriated by Yeung’s arguments in this provocative and cogently argued call to theoretical arms for many years to come." —Tim Cresswell, Ogilvie Professor of Geography, University of Edinburgh, UK "Critical human geography possesses a distinctive theory culture—pluralist, creative, distributed, restless, contested—prone to “turning,” wary of orthodoxies and fixed positions. In this original and provocative contribution, the leading economic geographer Henry Yeung steps out beyond his home turf to engage styles and practices of theorizing across this diverse field, carving out a new remit and rubric for middle-range theorizing." —JAMIE PECK, Canadian Research Chair and Distinguished University Scholar, University of British Columbia, Canada Grounded in a generous reading of a multitude of critical approaches in human geography and their diverse conceptions of theory, Theory and Explanation in Geography draws upon cutting-edge debates on the mechanism-based approach to theory and explanation in analytical sociology, political science, and the philosophy of social sciences to inform current and future geographical thinking on theory. This consolidated conceptual work represents an extension and much further development of the author's well-cited works on relational geography, critical realism and causal explanation, process-based methodology, globalization and the theory of global production networks, and "theorizing back" and situated knowledges that were published in leading journals in Geography. The work has several chapters that identify new directions for Geography’s current and future engagement with the wider social sciences and relevant research agendas in geographical thought. Its main chapters provide the necessary conceptual toolkits for mobilizing such an expanding research program in the 2020s and beyond. Compared to typical texts on geographical thought, this book is less retrospective and historical and more prospective in nature. Detailing why and how mid-range explanatory theories can be better developed through causal mechanisms and relational thinking that have been revitalized in the social sciences, Theory and Explanation in Geography is an essential read for academics, geographers, and scholars seeking unique perspective on an important facet of the field.

The Apprenticeship Law With Explanations

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Author : Wisconsin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1930

The Apprenticeship Law With Explanations written by Wisconsin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1930 with Apprenticeship programs categories.

The Increasing Mortality After Age Forty Five Some Causes And Explanations

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Author : Louis Israel Dublin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1917

The Increasing Mortality After Age Forty Five Some Causes And Explanations written by Louis Israel Dublin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1917 with Mortality categories.

Annual Report Of The Board Of Education Of The City Of Newark

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1890

Annual Report Of The Board Of Education Of The City Of Newark written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1890 with Education categories.

Lloyd S Register Of British And Foreign Shipping

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1899

Lloyd S Register Of British And Foreign Shipping written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1899 with Shipping categories.

The Electrical Journal

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1898

The Electrical Journal written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1898 with Electrical engineering categories.