Eroi

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Spain S Photovoltaic Revolution

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Author : Pedro A. Prieto
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-01-04

Spain S Photovoltaic Revolution written by Pedro A. Prieto and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI or EROEI) is the amount of energy acquired from a particular energy source divided by the energy expended, or invested, in obtaining that energy. EROI is an essential and seemingly simple measure of the usable energy or “energy profit” from the exploitation of an energy source, but it is not so easy to determine all of the energy expenditures that should be included in the calculation. Because EROI values are generally low for renewable energy sources, differences in these estimates can lead to sharply divergent conclusions about the viability of these energy technologies. This book presents the first complete energy analysis of a large-scale, real-world deployment of photovoltaic (PV) collection systems representing 3.5 GW of installed, grid-connected solar plants in Spain. The analysis includes all of the factors that limit and adjust the real electricity output through one full-year cycle, and all of the fossil fuel inputs required to achieve these results. The authors’ comprehensive analysis of energy inputs, which assigns energy cost estimates to all financial expenditures, yields EROI values that are less than half of those claimed by other investigators and by the solar industry. Sensitivity analysis is used to test various assumptions in deriving these EROI estimates. The results imply that the EROI of current, large-scale PV systems may be too low to seamlessly support an energy and economic transition away from fossil fuels. Given the pervasiveness of fossil fuel subsidies in the modern economy, a key conclusion is that all components of the system that brings solar power to the consumer, from manufacturing to product maintenance and life cycle, must be improved in terms of energy efficiency. The materials science of solar conversion efficiency is only one such component. Sunny Spain represented an ideal case study as the country had the highest penetration of solar PV energy at 2.3 percent of total national demand as well as state-of-the-art expertise in solar power including grid management of intermittent, modern renewable systems. This book, written by a uniquely qualified author team consisting of the chief engineer for several major photovoltaic projects in Spain and the world’s leading expert on the concept and application of EROI, provides a comprehensive understanding of the net energy available to society from energy sources in general and from functioning PV installations under real-world conditions in particular. The authors provide critical insight into the capacity of renewable energy sources to fill the foreseeable gap between world energy demand and depletion rates for fossil fuels. · Presents the first comprehensive study of the EROI of large-scale solar PV systems in a developed country · Uses real-world operational data rather than laboratory approximations and extrapolations · Describes the dependence of one alternative energy source on the goods and services of a fossil-fueled economy · Has global implications for the potential of renewable energy sources to replace dwindling reserves of fossil fuels · Written with the first-hand knowledge of the chief, on-site engineer for many solar installations in Spain together with the leader in the development and application of the concept of EROI

Energy Return On Investment With The Concept Of Eroi Applications Criticism And Implications

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Author : Anna Szujo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-02-02

Energy Return On Investment With The Concept Of Eroi Applications Criticism And Implications written by Anna Szujo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-02 with categories.

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Engineering - Power Engineering, grade: 1,0, Technical University of Munich (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering), course: Advanced Seminar on Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems, language: English, abstract: This paper is about the energy return of investment. Energy has a significant impact on economic growth and is a key driver for the wellbeing of a society. The less a society has to spend on energy, the more remains for consumption and discretionary spending that is directly translated into economic growth. This impact can be assessed with the help of the net energy analysis that makes use of the concept of EROI. The Energy Return On Investment is the ratio of the quantity of energy delivered to the quantity of energy consumed in a given process. Thus, this metric serves to measure the accessibility of a resource, meaning that the higher the EROI, the greater the amount of net energy delivered to society in order to support economic growth. This goes hand in hand with the finding that there is a minimum level of EROI that has to be reached, otherwise economic growth cannot be possible. Given that net energy analysis is going to be one of the most fundamental concepts in academic and policy discussion in view of the future of the energy mix there is still a clear need for a standardized and independent framework to calculate EROI.

China S Rise And The New Age Of Gold How Investors Can Profit From A Changing World

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Author : Stephen Leeb
language : en
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Release Date : 2020-09-22

China S Rise And The New Age Of Gold How Investors Can Profit From A Changing World written by Stephen Leeb and has been published by McGraw Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-22 with Business & Economics categories.

The radical change coming to the global economy—and the investments you need to make sure you stay ahead of the curve China’s growing role in the global economy is showing no sign of retreat. Indeed, recent events have only increased China’s influence—to the point where China is poised to edge out the United States and take the lead. For investors like you, this tectonic shift poses difficult challenges—along with tremendous opportunities. In China’s Rise and the New Age of Gold, one of the 21st Century’s top economic experts, Stephen Leeb, lays out his compelling argument that explosive gains in gold lie ahead. Gold’s price will increase dramatically to as high as $20,000 an ounce. Investing in gold will be the best (and perhaps only) way to generate substantial investing profits in this decade and beyond. Leeb draws from his vast knowledge of macro-economic trends and current market conditions to explain China’s plans to launch a new monetary system centered on gold, which will largely supplant the global dollar-based monetary system. And he provides you with the tools you need to invest in all things gold, including in gold itself, gold mutual funds and ETFs, and the right mining companies. The author paints a picture of a fully transformed investing world—one that will make important yet temporary events like the 2008 financial meltdown and coronavirus crash pale in comparison. This prescient guide to 21st Century investing delivers the knowledge and insight you need to draw unprecedented profits as China’s rise truly launches a new age of gold.

Ecological Economics Reviews Volume 1186

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Author : Karin E. Limburg
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 2010-03-08

Ecological Economics Reviews Volume 1186 written by Karin E. Limburg and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-08 with Business & Economics categories.

This is the inaugural volume in a series of reviews on the theory, policy, and implementation of sustainability and sustainable development, with a focus on the economic, social, and environmental challenges facing the world today. This volume includes papers by leading international experts in the science of sustainability, including Rudolf de Groot, Richard Cowling, Bruce Hannon, R. Kerry Turner, Peter Nijkamp, Peter Söderbaum, Barry D. Solomon, and Pushpam Kumar. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

Encyclopedia Of Energy A Ea

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Encyclopedia Of Energy A Ea written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Power (Mechanics) categories.

La Sapienza Del Mondo

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Author : Gastavo Strafforello
language : it
Publisher:
Release Date : 1883

La Sapienza Del Mondo written by Gastavo Strafforello and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1883 with categories.

Cost And Benefits Design Optimization Model For Fault Tolerant Flight Control Systems

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982

Cost And Benefits Design Optimization Model For Fault Tolerant Flight Control Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.

Case Studies In Object Oriented Analysis And Design

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Author : Edward Yourdon
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR
Release Date : 1996

Case Studies In Object Oriented Analysis And Design written by Edward Yourdon and has been published by Prentice Hall PTR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Computers categories.

Written by a co-developer of one of the most popular OOA/OOD methods, this exceptionally practical and authoritative casebook shows how object-oriented analysis and design are actually practiced in developing real systems--i.e., shows the insight (rather than the technique) that was applied to each point in a solution--false starts and all.

Nieuw Italiaansch Nederlandsch En Nederlandsch Italiaansch Woordenboek

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Author : Andreas Alexander Maximiliaan Nuyens
language : it
Publisher:
Release Date : 1899

Nieuw Italiaansch Nederlandsch En Nederlandsch Italiaansch Woordenboek written by Andreas Alexander Maximiliaan Nuyens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1899 with categories.

Every Thing In Dickens

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Author : Charles Dickens
language : en
Publisher: Greenwood
Release Date : 1874

Every Thing In Dickens written by Charles Dickens and has been published by Greenwood this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1874 with Literary Criticism categories.

An assemblage of extracts from the complete works of Charles Dickens, including his speeches. The volume reflects the editor's effort to include every notable/quotable passage or short comment by Dickens on a subject which interested the great author. It contains over 860,000 words, and there are over 50 illustrations. Included are 27 extended extracts, largely from the fictional works, which capture the greatest scenes in the oeuvre, including the trial of Bardell v. Pickwick, Ralph Nickleby's frustration and suicide, Jonas Chuzzlewit's murder of Tigg Montague and its aftermath, and Mr. Micawber's demolishment of Uriah Heep. This reference has over 405 topic captions, or subject headings, organized in 15 chapters: Ages of Man; Body; Mind; Letters and Communication; Spirit, and Moral Qualities; Fellow Man, in Relation; Humankind, in Activity; Three Professions (clerical, legal, and medical); Industry and Government; London; The Rest of the World; Transportation and Travel; Nature, Charles Dickens Self-Revealed; and First and Last Things. Each chapter is provided with a table of contents which constitutes a detailed, fully paginated index of captions and sub-captions, showing the source for each item. In addition, there are exhaustive indexes of Words and Phrases and Localities. This is a companion volume to ^IEveryone in Dickens^R, Volumes I, II, and III.