Epr

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Quantitative Epr

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Author : Gareth R. Eaton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-04-10

Quantitative Epr written by Gareth R. Eaton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-10 with Science categories.

There is a growing need in both industrial and academic research to obtain accurate quantitative results from continuous wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. This book describes various sample-related, instrument-related and software-related aspects of obtaining quantitative results from EPR expe- ments. Some speci?c items to be discussed include: selection of a reference standard, resonator considerations (Q, B ,B ), power saturation, sample position- 1 m ing, and ?nally, the blending of all the factors together to provide a calculation model for obtaining an accurate spin concentration of a sample. This book might, at ?rst glance, appear to be a step back from some of the more advanced pulsed methods discussed in recent EPR texts, but actually quantitative “routine CW EPR” is a challenging technique, and requires a thorough understa- ing of the spectrometer and the spin system. Quantitation of CW EPR can be subdivided into two main categories: (1) intensity and (2) magnetic ?eld/mic- wave frequency measurement. Intensity is important for spin counting. Both re- tive intensity quantitation of EPR samples and their absolute spin concentration of samples are often of interest. This information is important for kinetics, mechanism elucidation, and commercial applications where EPR serves as a detection system for free radicals produced in an industrial process. It is also important for the study of magnetic properties. Magnetic ?eld/microwave frequency is important for g and nuclear hyper?ne coupling measurements that re?ect the electronic structure of the radicals or metal ions.

Economic Aspects Of Extended Producer Responsibility

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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2004-06-30

Economic Aspects Of Extended Producer Responsibility written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-30 with categories.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), a policy approach in which the responsibility of the waste from a consumer good is extended back up to the producer of the good, is developing and expanding in OECD countries. This conference proceedings presents various perspectives on EPR.

Epr Instrumental Methods

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Author : Chris Bender
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-01-31

Epr Instrumental Methods written by Chris Bender and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-31 with Medical categories.

Electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy is undergoing something akin to a renaissance that is attributable to advances in microwave circuitry and signal processing software. EPR: Instrumental Methods is a textbook that brings the reader up to date on these advances and their role in providing better experimental techniques for biological magnetic resonance. Chapters in this book guide the reader from basic principles of spectrometer design through the advanced methods that are providing new vistas in disciplines such as oximetry, imaging, and structural biology. Key Features: Spectrometer design, particularly at low frequencies (below X-band), Design of spectrometer components unique to ENDOR and ESEEM, Optimization of EMR spectrometer sensitivity spanning many octaves, Algorithmic approach to spectral parameterization, Application of Fourier Methods to polymer conformation, oximetry, and imaging.

High Resolution Epr

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Author : Graeme Hanson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-19

High Resolution Epr written by Graeme Hanson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-19 with Medical categories.

Metalloproteins comprise approximately 30% of all known proteins, and are involved in a variety of biologically important processes, including oxygen transport, biosynthesis, electron transfer, biodegradation, drug metabolism, proteolysis, and hydrolysis of amides and esters, environmental sulfur and nitrogen cycles, and disease mechanisms. EPR spectroscopy has an important role in not only the geometric structural characterization of the redox cofactors in metalloproteins but also their electronic structure, as this is crucial for their reactivity. The advent of x-ray crystallographic snapshots of the active site redox cofactors in metalloenzymes in conjunction with high-resolution EPR spectroscopy has provided detailed structural insights into their catalytic mechanisms. This volume was conceived in 2005 at the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry (EPR Symposium) to highlight the importance of high-resolution EPR spectroscopy to the structural (geometric and electronic) characterization of redox active cofactors in metalloproteins. We have been fortunate to have enlisted internationally recognized experts in this joint venture to provide the scientific community with an overview of high-resolution EPR and its application to metals in biology. This volume, High-Resolution EPR: Applications to Metalloenzymes and Metals in Medicine, covers high-resolution EPR methods, iron proteins, nickel and copper enzymes, and metals in medicine. An eloquent synopsis of each chapter is provided by John Pilbrow in the Introduction. A second volume, Metals in Biology: Applications of High-Resolution EPR to Metalloenzymes, will appear later this year covering the complement of other metalloproteins. One of the pioneers in the development of pulsed EPR and its application to metalloproteins was Arthur Schweiger, whose contribution we include in this volume. Unfortunately, he passed away suddenly during the preparation of this volume. The editors and coauthors are extremely honored to dedicate this volume to the memory of Arthur Schweiger in recognition of his technical advances and insights into pulsed EPR and its application to metalloproteins. Arthur was extremely humble and treated everyone with equal respect. He was a gifted educator with an ability to explain complex phenomena in terms of simple intuitive pictures, had a delightful personality, and continues to be sadly missed by the community. It is an honor for the editors to facilitate the dissemination of these excellent contributions to the scientific community. Suggestions for future volumes are always appreciated.

Foundations Of Modern Epr

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Author : Gareth R. Eaton
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1998

Foundations Of Modern Epr written by Gareth R. Eaton and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Science categories.

Since its inception 50 years ago, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, also called ESR or EMR) has become a major tool in diverse fields ranging from biology and chemistry to solid state physics and materials science. This important book includes personal descriptions of early experiments by pioneers who laid the foundations for the field, perspectives on the state of the art, and glimpses of future opportunities. It presents a broad view of the foundations of EPR and its applications, and will therefore appeal to scientists in many fields. Even the expert will find here history not previously recorded and provocative views of future directions.

Extended Producer Responsibility

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Author : Collectif
language : en
Publisher: OECD
Release Date : 2016-09-20

Extended Producer Responsibility written by Collectif and has been published by OECD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This report updates the 2001 Guidance Manual for Governments on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which provided a broad overview of the key issues, general considerations, and the potential benefits and costs associated with producer responsibility for managing the waste generated by their products put on the market. Since then, EPR policies to help improve recycling and reduce landfilling have been widely adopted in most OECD countries; product coverage has been expanded in key sectors such as packaging, electronics, batteries and vehicles; and EPR schemes are spreading in emerging economies in Asia, Africa and South America, making it relevant to address the differing policy contexts in developing countries. In light of all of the changes in the broader global context, this updated review of the guidelines looks at some of the new design and implementation challenges and opportunities of EPR policies, takes into account recent efforts undertaken by governments to better assess the cost and environmental effectiveness of EPR and its overall impact on the market, and addresses some of the specific issues in emerging market economies.

High Field Epr Spectroscopy On Proteins And Their Model Systems

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Author : Klaus Möbius
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2009

High Field Epr Spectroscopy On Proteins And Their Model Systems written by Klaus Möbius and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Medical categories.

Understanding the major factors determining the specificity of transmembrane transfer processes in proteins is now a hot topic in molecular bio-science. Advanced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at high magnetic fields is a powerful technique for characterizing the transient states of proteins in action. High-Field EPR Spectroscopy on Proteins and their Model Systems: characterization of Transient Paramagnetic States offers a comprehensive overview of experimental techniques in, and paradigmatic examples of, the application of high-field EPR spectroscopy in biology and chemistry. The book's focus is on the use of the technique in conjunction with site-specific mutation strategies and advanced quantum-chemical computation methods to reveal protein structure and dynamics. This yields new insights into biological processes at the atomic and molecular level. The theoretical and instrumental background of high-field EPR is described and examples of paradigmatic protein systems, such as photosynthetic reaction centres, are discussed in the light of recent investigations. Aspects of structure dynamics-function relations that are revealed by studying site-specific mutants are highlighted, thereby combining high-field EPR with genetic engineering techniques. The information obtained complements that obtained from protein crystallography, solid-state NMR, infrared and optical spectroscopy. The book documents both background knowledge and results of the latest research in the field. Unique features include comparisons of information content of EPR, ENDOR, Triple resonance, ESEEM and PELDOR taken at different microwave frequencies and magnetic fields. Coherent treatment of the subject by the leading Berlin high-field EPR laboratory covers the theoretical background as well as state-of-art research both in terms of instrumentation and application to biological systems. The book provides an outlook to future developments and references for further reading and is essential reading for postdoctoral scientists, professionals, academics and graduate students working in this field.

Nmr Epr

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Author : American Association of Physics Teachers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965

Nmr Epr written by American Association of Physics Teachers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy categories.

Extended Producer Responsibility A Guidance Manual For Governments

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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2001-03-20

Extended Producer Responsibility A Guidance Manual For Governments written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-20 with categories.

This guidance manual presents the potential benefits and costs associated with Extended Producer Responsibility.

Epr Spectroscopy

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Author : Daniella Goldfarb
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-04-30

Epr Spectroscopy written by Daniella Goldfarb and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-30 with Science categories.

This unique, self-contained resource is the first volume on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the eMagRes Handbook series. The 27 chapters cover the theoretical principles, the common experimental techniques, and many important application areas of modern EPR spectroscopy. EPR Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Methods is presented in four major parts: A: Fundamental Theory, B: Basic Techniques and Instrumentation, C: High-Resolution Pulse Techniques, and D: Special Techniques. The first part of the book gives the reader an introduction to basic continuous-wave (CW) EPR and an overview of the different magnetic interactions that can be determined by EPR spectroscopy, their associated theoretical description, and their information content. The second provides the basics of the various EPR techniques, including pulse EPR, and EPR imaging, along with the associated instrumentation. Parts C and D builds on parts A and B and offer introductory accounts of a wide range of modern advanced EPR techniques, with examples of applications. The last two parts presents most of the new advances that do not appear in most of the classical EPR textbooks that focus on CW EPR. EPR Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Methods contains, in concise form, all the material needed to understand state-of-the-art EPR spectroscopy at the graduate school/research level, whilst the editors have ensured that it presents the topic at a level accessible to newcomers to the field and others who want to know its range of application and how to apply it.